摘要
【目的】穗部性状是小麦重要的产量性状,在小麦产量构成中占据重要地位和作用。开展小麦穗部性状遗传研究、分析其遗传机制,对制定高产育种策略、提高育种效率提供理论和实践指导。【方法】以主茎穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、小穗粒数为指标,采用数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法,对不同生态环境条件下来自母本品冬34与父本BARRAN及其衍生的F7:8、F8:9代重组自交系群体(RIL)进行穗部性状的遗传模型分析与遗传参数估计,以确定控制各性状的基因数目,估计遗传效应值及遗传率。【结果】穗长和小穗数的最佳遗传模型均是B-2-1(PG-AI),符合2对连锁主基因+加性-上位性多基因遗传模型。穗长的多基因遗传率是90.64%,小穗数的多基因遗传率是89.52%,穗长的环境变异平均值占表型变异的比例为9.39%,小穗数的环境变异平均值占表型变异的比例为10.50%;穗粒数的最佳遗传模型是G-1(MX3-AI-A),符合3对加性-上位性主基因加多基因+加性混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率是69.39%,多基因遗传率是29.94%,环境变异平均值占表型变异的比例为2.18%。控制穗粒数的第1对主基因的加性效应值和第3对主基因的加性效应值数值相等,同是4.56,具有正向效应。第2对主基因的加性效应值与加性效应和第1对主基因×第2对主基因×第3对主基因的加性效应值相同,均是-1.64,且为负向效应。加性和加性×加性上位性互作效应值与加性和第2对主基因加性×第3对主基因加性上位性互作效应值相等,均是-6.02。加性和第1对主基因加性×第3对主基因加性上位性互作效应值是0.18,多基因的加性效应值是0.15,表现为较低的正向遗传效应;小穗粒数的最佳遗传模型是H-1(4MG-AI),符合4个主基因+加性-上位性遗传模型,主基因遗传率是81.50%。第1至4对主基因加性效应值分别为0.22、0.18、-0.20和0.24,加性和第1对主基因×第1对主基因的加性上位性互作效应值是-0.170,加性和第1对主基因×第3对主基因的加性效应值是0.240,加性和第1对主基因×第4对主基因的加性效应值是-0.20,加性和第2对主基因×第3对主基因的加性效应值与加性和第2对主基因加性×第4对主基因加性上位性互作效应值绝对值相同,效应相反,前者值是0.03,后者值是-0.03。加性和第3对主基因×第4对主基因×的加性效应值是0.06。【结论】小麦穗部性状以多基因遗传效应为主,符合数量遗传特征,易受环境影响。小穗粒数存在着主基因遗传特性,主基因遗传力较高,受环境影响小,小穗粒数可作为有效改良穗部性状早期选择的直接指标,实现单株定向选择,提高育种效率。
【Objective】Panicle traits are important yield traits of wheat,occupying an important position and role in wheat yield composition.Carrying out genetic research on wheat panicle traits and analyzing its genetic mechanism provide theoretical and practical guidance for formulating high-yield breeding strategies and improving breeding efficiency.【Method】Based on the length of the main stem,the number of spikelets,the number of grains per spike,and the number of spikelets,the main gene+polygene mixed genetic model of quantitative traits was used to obtain the parental product 34 and the male parent under different ecological conditions.BARRAN and its derived F7:8,F8:9 generation recombinant inbred line population(RIL)were used for genetic model analysis and genetic parameter estimation of panicle traits to determine the number of genes controlling various traits,and to estimate genetic effect values and heritability.【Result】The best genetic model for panicle length and spikelet number were B-2-1(PG-AI),which was consistent with two pairs of linked major genes+additive-epistasis polygene genetic model.The polygenic heritability of spike length was 90.64%,the polygenic heritability of spikelet number was 89.52%,the average of environmental variation of spike length accounted for 9.39%in phenotypic variation,and the average of environmental variation of spikelet number accounted for 10.50%in phenotypic variation;Major gene heritability was 69.39%,Polygenes heritability rate was 29.94%,and the average environmental variation accounted for 2.18%in phenotypic variation.Additive effect value of the first pair of main genes controlling the number of spikes and the additive effect value of the third pair of major genes are equal,and the same was 4.56,which has a positive effect.The additive effect value of the second pair of major genes was the same as the additive effect of the first pair of major genes×the second pair of major genes×the third pair of major genes,both of which were-1.44,and are negative effects.The additive and additive×additive epistasis interaction values were equal to the additive and the second pair of major gene additions×the third pair of major gene additive epistatic interactions,both of which were-6.02.Additive and the first pair of major gene additive×the third pair of main gene additive epistatic interaction effect value is 0.18,the multi-gene additive effect value is 0.15,showing a lower positive genetic effect;H-1(4MG-AI)was best-fitting genetic model for the spikelet number traits,which showed that their inheritance was controlled by incorporating four major genes additive-epistasis genetic model.The heritability of the main gene was 81.50%.The additive effect values of the main genes in the first to fourth pairs were 0.22,0.18,-0.20,and 0.24,respectively,the additive and epistatic interactions of the first pair of major genes×the first pair of major genes were-0.170,the additive effect value of the additive and the first pair of major genes×the third pair of major genes was 0.240.the additive effect value of the additive and the first pair of major genes×the fourth pair of major genes was-0.200,additive and the second pair of major genes×the third pair of major genes×additive effect value and additive and the second pair of major gene additive×fourth pair of major gene additive epistatic interaction value absolute value,the effect in contrast,the former value was 0.030,and the latter value was-0.030.The additive effect value of the additive and the third pair of major genes×the fourth pair of major genes was 0.060.【Conclusion】The panicle traits of wheat are mainly polygenic genetic effects,which are in line with quantitative genetic characteristics and are susceptible to environmental influences.The number of spikelet grains has the genetic characteristics of the main gene.The main gene has high heritability and is affected by the environment.The number of spikelets can be used as a direct indicator to effectively improve the early selection of panicle traits,achieving single plant directional selection and improving breeding efficiency.
作者
解松峰
吉万全
王长有
胡卫国
李俊
张耀元
师晓曦
张俊杰
张宏
陈春环
XIE SongFeng;JI WanQuan;WANG ChangYou;HU WeiGuo;LI Jun;ZHANG YaoYuan;SHI XiaoXi;ZHANG JunJie;ZHANG Hong;CHEN ChunHuan(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/Yangling Sub-centre,National Wheat Improvement Centre,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi;Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development,Ankang R&D Center for Se-enriched Prducts,Ankang 725000,Shaanxi;Wheat Research Centre,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002;Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第24期4437-4452,共16页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0102004)
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