摘要
小行星撞击地球事件在历史上经常发生,多次导致地球环境灾变和生物灭绝,是可能导致人类毁灭的重大潜在威胁之一,是国际社会普遍关注的热点问题.同时,近地小行星是近期太空探索与资源开发利用最有价值的目标之一,也是远期太空探索"天然的跳板",是人类增进与展示新技能的试验场,是太空航海时代大国开疆扩土、争取战略资源、竞相抢占的"太空岛屿",必将引领、催生地月经济圈、地外天体采矿、太空制造等太空经济全产业链发展,开辟航天事业新时代.开展小行星研究,将深化人类对太阳系和宇宙乃至生命起源与演化等最根本也最前沿科学问题的认识,具有重大的科学意义.小行星撞击地球的防御问题,也是国际宇航界面临的重大技术挑战之一,与国家安全密切相关,是大国必争的战略和技术制高点.开展近地小天体监测预警防御研究,在攸关全球安危的重大事件面前掌握自主决策权,履行大国义务、体现大国担当,不仅是树立、提升我国负责任大国形象,争夺我国在国际航天事务中的主导权和话语权的必须举措,而且是人类保护自身生存与发展的必然选择,是构建人类命运共同体的重要体现.因此,其重要性、必要性和迫切性不言而喻.本文系统梳理、评述了小行星监测预警、安全防御、资源利用领域的国内外现状与发展趋势,探讨、归纳了所涉及的前沿科学问题、关键技术及相关法规与国际合作问题.分析了我国在该领域存在的问题与差距,基于我国发展需求分析,从顶层布局、系统规划、科学研究、技术发展、工程实施、政策法律构建及国际合作等方面系统性地提出了我国的发展目标与建议.中国正在从航天大国走向航天强国,在小行星监测预警、安全防御、资源利用相关问题上应该有大国思维,有长远眼光,须尽快从各个层面开展行动.
The asteroid impact on the Earth has been frequently occured in history, and it caused the earth environmental catastrophe and biological extinction more than once. It was thought to be one of the major potential threats of human safety and survival, and it’s a hot issue of general concerned in the international community.Meanwhile, near-Earth asteroids(NEA) are one of the most valuable goals for near term space exploration and resource developing and utilization, and it is also a "natural springboard" for forward space exploration. They are becoming the nature laboratory and test ground for human beings to enhance and display their new skills. They are thought to be "space islands" and the competition goal for the great powers to expand their territory, strive for strategic resources and compete to seize in the era of space navigation, during the age of nowadays space sailing. It will produce and promote the whole industrial chain of space economy development, such as economic circle of earth-moon, the mining of outer earth, and space manufacturing. Open up a new space era. Asteroid study has great scientific significance, it will deepen human understanding of the cutting-edge science for the origin and evolution of solar system, the universe, and also the life.How to defend against asteroids impact on the earth is also one of the major technical challenges facing the international space society. It is closely related to national security, and is a strategic and technical high point for great powers.The defense of asteroids impacting the Earth is also one of the major technical challenges facing the international space society. It is closely related to national security and is the strategic and technological commanding heights that big powers must contend for.Monitoring, early warning and defense of NEA, are not only the necessary measures to fulfill the obligations of the great powers, embody the role of a big country, establish and improve the image of a responsible big country, compete for the right and voice of our country in international space affairs, but also the inevitable choice of human protection of its own survival and development. It is also an important embodiment for the building of a community with shared future for humanity. Therefore, its importance, necessity and urgency are self-evident.In this paper, the present situation and development trend of NEA monitoring and warning, defense and resource utilization were comprehensive introduced and reviewed in detail. The frontier scientific problem, key technologies and relevant regulations and international cooperation issues were deeply discussed and systematically summarized. In view of the current situation of China, the problems and gaps in these fields were seriously analyzed. Based on the development requirements of China, from multiple dimensions, such as the top layout, systematic planning, scientific research, technical development, engineering implementation, construction of regulations and law, international cooperation, complete development goals and suggestions of China are proposed.China is moving from a big space country to a powerful space country. We should have a big country’s thinking and longterm vision on the utilization of resources for safety and defense of asteroid surveillance and early warning, and carry out actions at all levels as soon as possible.
作者
龚自正
李明
陈川
赵长印
Zizheng Gong;Ming Li;Chuan Chen;Changyin Zhao(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China;Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210033,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期346-372,共27页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家安全重大基础研究计划(61331103)
国家国防科工局空间碎片专项(KJSP2016040103)
中国空间技术研究院研究发展课题资助。
关键词
近地小行星
监测预警
安全防御
探测资源利用
near-Earth asteroid
monitoring and early warning
security defense
resource utilization
