摘要
目的了解某市机械制造行业员工工作骨骼肌疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)症状发生的现况及其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法于2017年5月至12月,选择某市35家机械制造企业的1920名员工作为研究对象,调查其人口学特征、职业特征、工效学因素、职业倦怠、失眠、WMSDs症状发生现况,用Penrsonχ^2检验及多因素logistic回归进行统计学分析。结果调查对象中1种及以上肌肉疾患症状占74.7%(1434/1920);腰部症状发生率最高,为52.0%(999/1920),其次为颈部症状发生率,为50.6%(972/1920)。单因素分析发现,不同劳动强度分级、每日站姿时间(h)、每日坐姿时间(h)、每日弯腰时间(h)、每日搬举5 kg物体时间(h)研究对象腰部疾患和WMSDs症状发生率均有差异,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。工龄≥5年、劳动强度为Ⅲ级、每日弯腰时间≥2h、抑郁、生活满意、职业倦怠、失眠均是腰部疾患和WMSDs症状发生的危险因素(P<0.05);每日坐姿时间≥2h和生活满意度高者是腰部疾患和WMSDs症状发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论企业应在工效学和心理因素等方面进行改善,提高员工满意度,减少机械员工WMSDs的发生。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of Work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)and identify associated risk factors and provide evidence of taking measures for prevention.Methods By Cluster sampling,1920 employees of 35 manufacturing enterprises were selected as study subjects from May to December 2017.The questionnnaire were including population characteristics、related factors of ergonomics、job burnout、insomnia and WMSDs.Results The prevalence of waist was the highest among 9 body parts,with 52.0%,followed by the prevalence of neck 50.6%,more than 1 muscle diseases were by the prevalence of 74.7%.Single factor analysis showed that different levels of labor intensity,daily standing time(h),daily sitting time(h),daily bending time(h),daily lifting of 5kg object time(h)group waist disease and prevalence of more than one musculoskeletal disease were different,The difference was statistically sig-nificant(P<0.05).More than 5 years of working year,labor intensity of Class III,daily bending time≥2 h,depression,disorders(P<0.05).life satisfaction,job burnout,and insomnia are all risk factors for waist and musculoskeletal.The daily sitting time≥2 h and the high life satisfaction were protective factors for waist and WMSDs(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs among manufacturing workers is strong,and Manager should take the aspects of ergonomics and psychological factors meassure to reduce WMSDs,These meassure were including increasing sitting time,reducing bending time.
作者
郝培
李医博
武姗姗
杨雪莹
Hao Pei;Li Yibo;Wu Sansan;Yang Xueying(Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China;HeBei District for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300000,China;DongLi District for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300301,China)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期187-192,共6页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
基金
津门医学英才人才基金[津人才(2018)19号]。
关键词
工作有关肌肉骨骼疾患
工效学
心理因素
机械制造行业员工
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders
Ergonomics
Psychological factors
Manufacturing factories
