摘要
山东地区发现较多汉代合葬墓。根据合葬人数,可以分为两人合葬、三人合葬、多人合葬三种。两人合葬基本为夫妻合葬。山东地区合葬墓墓葬形式的选择,在受汉文化同一主体影响下,既有共性又有地区特点。同穴夫妻合葬在汉代早期发现较少,西汉中期之后成为本地区夫妻合葬的主要方式;夫妻并穴合葬贯穿两汉,是本地区较为常见的合葬方式;三人与多人合葬大多属于西汉晚期或东汉时期。不同等级的夫妻合葬墓合葬方式选择上有所差异,高等级墓葬大多选用异穴合葬,一般中小型合葬墓多选择并穴或同穴合葬。并且根据墓主人级别不同,在墓葬大小、墓葬材质及墓室结构繁简程度上皆有区别。另外,家庭成员内部夫与妻、妻与妾之间尊卑等级,在墓葬中也展现一定特点,根据需要选择的埋葬方式又有所不同。
Han dynasty joint burials are widely found in Shandong province,with two or three occupants or more buried together.Usually,joint burials of two occupants belong to husband and wife.Joint burials in Shandong show both the influence of Han dynasty culture and regional characteristics.Burials with husband and wife in the same tomb were not common in the early Han but became prevalent by the mid Western Han.Burials with husband and wife in two tombs next to each other were popular throughout the Han period,which is a major form of joint burials in Shandong.Burials of three or more occupants mostly date to the late Western Han or the Eastern Han.The burial format for husband and wife varies with the tomb occupants’ranks:most of the high ranking tombs consist of two independent tombs for husband and wife;generally,in small and medium-sized tombs,the occupants are either buried in two tombs next to each other or in the same tomb.In addition,the size,building materials and complexity of the structure of burials differ from each other.The husband-wife or wife-concubine hierarchy is also indicated in certain burial features and burial methods.
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期36-56,共21页
Journal of National Museum of China
关键词
山东
汉代
合葬墓
等级
埋葬方法
Shandong
Han dynasty
joint burial
rank
burial method
