摘要
笔者近来造访了三座在人居环境上颇具挑战性的城市,对人与自然的共生关系有了更为深入的理解。在墨西哥首都墨西哥城,为应对洪水、满足城市供水,城市建设日渐侵蚀自然生态基础设施,导致当地水资源逐渐耗尽、城市下沉,当地富有特色的水上田园也消失殆尽;在孟加拉首都达卡,水体污染问题严峻,城市公园弥足珍贵,成为了人们少有的喘息之地;在泰国首都曼谷,为应对洪水而增建的闸门使得昔日繁荣的运河光景不再,水上社区和街市逐渐荒废,城市道路拥堵和大气污染随之而来。所有这些都是国土空间的规划问题,其核心和关键是如何在自然基底中为发展中的城市选址,以及如何在城市的基底中保留和完善生态基础设施。国土空间规划和生态修复之根本是让自然做功,并收获自然所提供的免费生态系统服务。这是人类福祉的基础,也是城市可持续发展的根本出路。
Through his recent visits to three cities facing severe and challenging living environment,the author had a deeper insight into the symbiosis between human and nature.In Mexico City,the capital of Mexico,urban construction practices against floods and for water supply encroach on natural ecological infrastructure,resulting in the exhaustion of local water resource,city sinking,and erased indigenous cultural landscape of floating gardens.In Dhaka,the capital of Bangladesh,where water bodies are heavily polluted,scarce urban parks become the only refuge for citizens.Finally in Bangkok,the capital of Thailand,estuary gates built to block floods invade the once prosperous canals,accelerating the decline of floating communities and markets and exacerbating traffic congestion and air pollution.Learning from these cases,cities must become better at territorial spatial planning and have the foresight to develop and grow while preserving and improving existing ecosystems.Essentially,territorial spatial planning and ecological restoration is to work with and by nature that would provide generous ecosystem services for humans,and,eventually,to increase people’s well-being and enhance cities’development of sustainability.
作者
俞孔坚
萨拉·雅各布斯(翻译)
张健(翻译)
YU Kongjian;Sara JACOBS;Angus ZHANG(Graduate School of Design,Harvard University;the American Academy of Arts and Sciences;College of Architecture and Landscape,Peking University;不详)
出处
《景观设计学（中英文）》
CSCD
2020年第1期4-9,共6页
Landscape Architecture Frontiers
关键词
人居环境
生态基础设施
城市建设
共生关系
国土空间规划
自然系统
Living Environment
Ecological Infrastructure
Urban Construction
Symbiosis
Territorial Spatial Planning
Natural System
