摘要
2017年以来,美日欧三方先后六次就WTO改革发表联合声明,补贴规则改革对中国的指向性极其明显,试图以重塑WTO规则的方式对中国施压。美日欧主张的WTO补贴规则改革方案呈现出补贴主体定义外延化、禁止性补贴范围扩大化、通报规则严格化等特点。改革方案针对国有企业的所有制歧视、中央与地方通报协调难题、部分产业产能过剩、研发补贴的效率与合规冲突等对中国构成严峻挑战。面对WTO补贴制度迫切改革的难题,中国应优化补贴制度并积极参与和引领多边补贴制度改革进程。在国内补贴制度改革方面,应坚持"合理性"优先于"合规性"的基本原则,严格履行成员补贴透明度与通报义务,加快研发和农业补贴方式创新。在谈判策略方面,坚持工业补贴和农业补贴一揽子的谈判策略,恢复不可诉补贴,严格界定国有企业的正常商业行为。
Since 2017, the United States, Japan, and the European Union have issued joint statements on WTO reforms six times. The reform of subsidy rules is extremely directional to China, and they are trying to pressure China by reshaping WTO rules. The reform plan of WTO subsidy rules advocated by the United States, Japan, and Europe presents the characteristics of the extension of the definition of subsidy subjects, the expansion of the scope of prohibited subsidies, and the tightening of notification rules. The reform plan is aimed at the ownership discrimination of state-owned enterprises, the coordination problem between central and local notification, overcapacity of some industries, and the conflict between efficiency and compliance of R&D subsidies, which pose severe challenges to China. Facing the difficult reform of the WTO subsidy system, China should optimize the subsidy system and actively participate in and lead the process of reforming the multilateral subsidy system. With regard to the reform of the domestic subsidy system, China should adhere to the basic principle of "reasonability" over "compliance", strictly implement subsidy transparency and notification obligations, and accelerate innovation in R&D and agricultural subsidy methods. In terms of negotiation strategies, China should insist on the package of industrial subsidies and agricultural subsidies, resume non-actionable subsidies, and strictly define the normal commercial behavior of state-owned enterprises.
作者
刘斌
宫方茗
李川川
LIU Bin;GONG Fangming;LI Chuanchuan(University of International Business and Economics;Ocean University of China;Nankai University)
出处
《国际贸易》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期57-63,共7页
Intertrade
基金
国家自然科学基金“制造业投入服务化、服务贸易壁垒与国际生产分割”(71973025)
中国博士后特别资助科学基金资助项目“逆全球化背景下跨境电商对全球价值链重构的影响”(2019T120169)
中国博士后科学基金资助项目“双边投资协定与价值链关联:理论与实证”(2018M630246)
天津市研究生科研创新项目(2019YJSB064)的阶段性成果。
关键词
WTO补贴规则
美日欧联合声明
中国应对
公共机构
WTO subsidy rules
US-Japan-EU Joint Statement
China's response
public institutions
