摘要
目的分析上海市新虹社区2015—2018年幼儿园儿童和中小学学生视力不良和屈光状态,为学生近视防控工作提供依据和参考。方法数据来源为《上海市居民眼健康信息服务系统》导出2015—2018年视力和屈光状态完整记录共3904人次。结果2015—2018年幼儿园及中小学生视力不良总检出率60.86%,有随教育阶段(幼儿园29.90%,小学62.63%,初中87.26%)升高的趋势(χ2趋势=720.331,P<0.05)。男生视力不良检出率为57.31%,女生视力不良检出率为64.29%(χ2=19.949,P<0.05)。按视力不良程度分类,轻度视力不良高峰阶段在小学一至三年级,中度视力不良高峰阶段在小学四、五年级,重度视力不良高峰阶段在初中,初二为视力不良最高峰值70.85%。戴镜视力不良总检出率达18.21%。屈光状态中近视总检出率为54.79%,有随教育阶段(幼儿园16.27%,小学56.61%,初中88.28%)升高的趋势(χ2趋势=1092.356,P<0.05)。从增长幅度看,小学一年级近视增长幅度最大。结论中小学学生近视率高,且明显高于幼儿园儿童,有随教育阶段升高的趋势。近视防控关键时期应提前到幼儿园阶段。
Objective To analyze the visual acuity and refractive status of kindergarten children and primary and middle school students in Xinhong Community of Shanghai from 2015 to 2018,and to provide basis and reference for the prevention and control of students'myopia.Methods The data of 3904 person-times of complete visual acuity and refraction records from 2015 to 2018 was derived from the"Shanghai Residents'Eye Health Information Service System".Results From 2015-2018,the total detection rate of poor vision of kindergarten children and primary and middle school students was 60.86%,and the detection rate of poor vision in kindergarten,primary school and middle school was 29.90%,62.63%and 87.26%respectively,showing an increasing trend with the education stage(χ2=727.206,P<0.05).The detection rate of poor vision in boys was 57.31%,and that of girls was 64.29%(χ2=19.949,P<0.05).According to the classification of the degree of visual impairment,the peak stage of mild poor vision was in grade one to three of primary school,the peak stage of moderate poor vision was in grade four and five of primary school,the peak stage of severe poor vision was in middle school,and the highest peak of poor vision in second grade of middle school,accounting for about 70.85%.The total detection rate of poor vision with glasses reached 18.21%.The total detection rate of myopia in refractive state was 54.79%,and the detection rate of myopia in kindergarten,primary school and middle school were 16.27%,56.61%and 88.28%respectively,showing an increasing trend with the education stage(χ2=1099.978,P<0.05).In terms of growth rate,the increase in myopia in the first grade of primary school was the largest.Conclusion The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students was higher than that of kindergarten children,and showed an increasing trend with the education stage.The critical period of myopia prevention and control should be advanced to the kindergarten stage.
作者
严蓓
龚雯娟
姚婷
刘玉昌
孙兰
YAN Bei;GONG Wenjuan;YAO Ting;LIU Yuchang;SUN Lan(Xinhong Community Health Service Center at Minhang District,Shanghai 201107,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2020年第2期82-85,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
关键词
幼儿园儿童
中小学学生
视力不良
屈光状态
Kindergarten children
Primary and middle school students
Poor vision
Refractive status
