摘要
为探明新疆冬小麦不同产量层次群体特性与产量之间的关系,以冬小麦品种新冬41号为材料,采用不同施肥和栽培管理措施,使其形成超高产(≥9000 kg·hm^-2)、高产(7500~9000 kg·hm^-2)、农户(6000~7500 kg·hm^-2)三个产量水平群体,比较分析了不同产量水平间小麦群体的特征、产量及其结构差异。结果表明,超高产、高产和农户小麦间穗数差异不显著;随着产量水平的提高,穗粒数增加,不同产量水平间均差异显著;超高产、高产小麦间千粒重差异不显著,但显著高于农户小麦。随产量水平的提升,孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期的LAI及群体叶面积持续时间、光合势、LAI增长率和生长率均逐渐增加,群体净同化率在不同产量水平间差异不显著。小麦超高产、高产栽培的关键为在获得适宜收获穗数的基础上,主攻穗粒数与千粒重的协调增加。提高穗粒数是实现超高产、缩小产量差的关键。超高产、高产小麦应在孕穗期适宜光合面积的基础上,花后维持较高的光合面积,提高生物重和籽粒重。
In order to find out the relationship between population characteristics and yield in different yield levels of winter wheat in Xinjiang,Xindong 41,a winter wheat variety,was used as material with three yield levels,i.e.super-high yield(≥9000 kg·hm^-2),high yield(7500-9000 kg·hm^-2)and farmer yield(6000-7500 kg·hm^-2),by adopting different fertilization and cultivation management.The population characteristics,yield and structural differences were compared and analyzed.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the number of spikes among super-high yield,high yield and farmer yield wheat;with the increase of yield level,the number of grains per spike increased,with significant difference between different yield levels;there was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight between super-high yield and high-yield wheat,but significantly higher than that of farmer wheat.With the increase of yield level,LAI,leaf area duration,photosynthetic potential,LAI increase rate and population growth rate increased gradually at booting stage,flowering stage and grain filling stage,but there was no significant difference in net assimilation rate among different yield levels.The key of super-high yield and high-yield cultivation is to increase the number of spikes and 1000-grain weight on the basis of suitable number of harvested spikes.Increasing the number of grains per ear is the key to realize the super-high yield and reduce the yield gap.On the basis of suitable photosynthetic area at booting stage,higher photosynthetic area is suggested to be maintained after anthesis,to increase biomass and grain weight.
作者
王立红
张宏芝
王重
李剑峰
高新
时佳
焦阳
韩雪
樊哲儒
赵奇
WANG Lihong;ZHANG Hongzhi;WANG Zhong;LI Jianfeng;GAO Xin;SHI Jia;JIAO Yang;HAN Xue;FAN Zheru;ZHAO Qi(Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091, China;School of Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052, China)
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期594-600,共7页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300110)
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2019D01B26)
农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201903)。
关键词
冬小麦
产量层次
叶面积指数
群体生长
Winter wheat
Yield level
Leaf area index
Population growth
