摘要
通过2 a重复对比试验,设置了4种不同种植模式春小麦-复播油葵、春小麦-复播青贮玉米、单作棉花和单作春播玉米(分别记为模式1、模式2、模式3和模式4),对各模式下资源环境利用率、水肥资源消耗利用及经济效益进行研究。结果表明:一年两作种植模式是适合北疆地区发展的一种优化高效种植模式,北疆生态区内有效积温大于4 260℃就可推行该种植模式,其中石河子地区≥0℃活动积温达到了4 300℃~4 500℃,可以满足麦后复播需求。相对于单作种植模式,一年两作种植模式在干物质生产效率及分配、周年能量生产方面具有明显优势,其中模式1周年干物质生产效率比模式3、模式4分别提高了111.04%和29.53%,模式2的周年干物质生产效率比模式3、模式4分别提高了123.56%和37.21%;模式1周年能量生产分别比模式3、模式4提高了102.68%和28.02%,模式2周年能量生产分别比模式3、模式4提高了114.10%和35.24%,其中模式2种植模式年总辐射利用率、总辐射生产效率、有效积温分配率及温度生产效率均达到最大值,其生育期达179~184 d,为4种种植模式中跨越时间最长的模式,且包含了光热资源最为丰富的5-9月,使光热资源得到了更加高效的利用。在水肥资源利用消耗与经济效益方面,由于棉花较好的市场价值以及单作春播玉米的高效生产能力,使得一年两作模式在水肥资源利用与经济效益方面优势不明显。
In order to study the effect and suitability of bi-annual planting patterns in Northern Xinjiang ecological region, an optimized planting mode of efficient planting system was considered to enrich the planting model in the ecological zone and realize the diversification of planting model. In this paper, two years of repeated comparative experiments were carried out, and four different planting models were set up as spring wheat-repeating oil sunflower, spring wheat-complex silage corn, single crop cotton, and single crop spring sowing maize(designated as model 1, model 2, model 3, and model 4, respectively) to conduct a plot experiment. The resource and environmental utilization rate, water and fertilizer resources consumption and utilization, and economic benefits were studied under the four different planting models. The results showed that bi-annual planting model was an optimized planting mode of efficient planting model in the development of the northern Xinjiang ecological zone. Areas with effective accumulated temperature greater than 4260 ℃ promoted the planting model, esp. Shihezi region 0℃ or higher active accumulated temperature reached 4 300℃~4 500℃, then, sowing wheat to meet demand. Compared with the single planting model, bi-annual planting model had obvious advantages in dry matter production efficiency and distribution, and annual energy production. The dry matter production efficiency of model 1 was 111.04% and 29.53% higher than that of model 3 and model 4, respectively. Compared with model 3 and model 4, the dry matter production efficiency of model 2 increased by 123.56% and 37.21%, respectively. The annual energy production of model 1 was 102.68% and 28.02% higher than that of model 3 and model 4, respectively, and the annual energy production of model 2 was 114.10% and 35.24% higher than that of model 3 and model 4, respectively. The annual total radiation utilization rate, total radiation production efficiency, effective accumulated temperature distribution rate, and temperature production efficiency of model 2 all reached the maximum value, because the growth period of the model was 179~184 days, which was the longest among 4 models. The planting pattern spanned the longest time and contained the most abundant solar and thermal resources from May to September, which makes the utilization of solar and thermal resources more efficient. Because of the better market value of cotton and the efficient production capacity of spring-sown maize, advantages of the two bi-annual cropping systems in water and fertilizer resources utilization and economic benefits were not obvious.
作者
侯裕生
张金珠
王振华
李文昊
温越
HOU Yusheng;ZHANG Jinzhu;WANG Zhenhua;LI Wenhao;WEN Yue(College of Water&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期125-134,共10页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“北疆滴灌小麦需水特征及水盐运移规律研究(51169022)”。
关键词
种植模式
一年两作
资源利用效率
经济效益
北疆生态区
cropping pattern
bi-annual planting
resource utilization efficiency
economic benefit
Northern Xinjiang ecological zone
