摘要
【目的】探明不同栽培模式对连作马铃薯根系分泌物和土壤养分的影响.【方法】以马铃薯品种"新大坪"为试验材料,研究平畦不覆膜(CK)、平畦覆膜(T1)、全膜垄播(T2)、全膜沟播(T3)、半膜垄播(T4)、半膜沟播(T5) 6种栽培模式对连作马铃薯根系分泌物、土壤pH、电导率及土壤养分的影响.【结果】连作马铃薯根系分泌物中主要含有酯类、烃类、酸类、醇类、酚类、酰胺类化合物;与CK相比,沟垄覆膜栽培可显著降低连作马铃薯根系分泌物中化感物质及酸类化合物的含量,其中酸类物质最高降幅达55.22%.此外,沟垄覆膜栽培还可提高土壤pH,降低土壤电导率,降幅达23.8%~34.1%,促进土壤中有机质的分解,增加土壤肥力,各处理较CK速效氮含量提高11.47%~45.91%,速效磷含量提高17.88%~36.96%,速效钾含量提高1.77%~16.71%.【结论】沟垄覆膜栽培显著增加了土壤有机质含量,促进了马铃薯对土壤中速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的吸收,有效缓解了因化感物质积累对作物的毒害作用,尤其以全膜垄播栽培效果最佳.
【Objective】 To explore the effects of different potato cultivation patterns on root exudates and soil nutrients under continuous cropping.【Method】 Potato cultivar ‘Xindaping’ was used as the test material,the effects of six cultivation modes on root exudates,soil pH,soil conductivity and soil nutrients under continuous cropping were studied.Six cultivation modes were flat bed without mulch(CK),flat bed with mulch(T1),on-ridge planting with full mulch(T2),on-furrow planting with full mulch(T3),on-ridge planting with half mulch(T4) and on-furrow planting with half mulch(T5).【Result】 The main root exudates were esters,hydrocarbons,acids,alcohols,phenols and amides.Compared with CK,film mulching and ridge-furrow planting significantly reduced the content of allelochemicals and acid compounds in potato roots,and the highest decreasing of acid substances was 55.22%.In addition,film mulching and ridge-furrow planting also increased soil pH,and reduced soil conductivity by 23.8% to 34.1%,promoted the decomposition of organic matter in soil and increased soil fertility.Compared to CK,the contents of available N,available P and available K of treatments were increased by 11.47% to 45.91%,17.88% to 36.96% and 1.77% to 16.71% respectively.【Conclusion】 The film mulching and ridge-furrow cultivation significantly increase the soil organic matter content,promote the absorption of available N,available P and available K,effectively alleviate the toxic effects of allelochemicals on crops.The on-ridge planting with full mulch is the best.
作者
赵章平
要凯
康益晨
张卫娜
范艳玲
杨昕宇
张俊莲
秦舒浩
ZHAO Zhang-ping;YAO Kai;KANG Yi-chen;ZHANG Wei-na;FAN Yan-ling;YANG Xin-yu;ZHANG Jun-lian;QIN Shu-hao(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《甘肃农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期83-89,97,共8页
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31260311)
马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-P14).
关键词
马铃薯
沟垄覆膜
连作
根系分泌物
土壤养分
potato
film mulching and ridge-furrow planting
continuous cropping
root exudate
soil nutrient
