摘要
【目的】研究‘琯溪蜜柚’园土壤和树体的硫素状况及其影响因素,探讨土壤硫富集与土壤酸化以及钙、镁淋失的关系。【方法】采集和分析314个‘琯溪蜜柚’园土壤、叶片样品以及27个土壤剖面样品的硫含量。【结果】‘琯溪蜜柚’园土壤有效硫含量(w,后同)范围10.98~116.65 mg·kg^-1,平均值55.63 mg·kg^-1,土壤有效硫高量(>30 mg·kg^-1)、适量(16~30 mg·kg^-1)和低量(<16 mg·kg^-1)的比例分别为83.44%、13.06%和3.50%,土壤有效硫含量随土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量和黏粒(<0.002 mm)含量的增加而提高,随种植年限的延长呈升高的趋势,剖面土壤有效硫含量平均值为40~60 cm>20~40 cm>0~20 cm。相关分析表明,土壤有效硫含量与土壤pH以及交换性钙、镁含量均呈极显著负相关‘。琯溪蜜柚’叶片硫含量的范围为0.24%~0.53%,平均值为0.34%,叶片硫适量(0.2%~0.4%)和高量(>0.4%)的占比分别为86.94%和13.06%。【结论】‘琯溪蜜柚’园土壤和树体均存在硫过量问题,土壤硫富集会导致土壤酸化、促进钙和镁的淋失,生产上应减少含硫肥料的使用。
【Objective】‘Guanximiyou’pomelo is a product of national geographical indication in Pinghe county(24°02′-24°35′N,116°53′-117°31′E),Zhangzhou city,Fujian province.The planting area of honey pomelo in Pinghe county was approximately 4.67×10^4 hm^2 with a yield about 120×10^4 t in 2017.The planting area,yield and export volume all rank the first in the country.Sulfur is an essential nutrient element for plant growth and development.It participates in many important physiological and metabolic processes in plants.Citrus is considered as“Cl-sensitive crop”,therefore,farmers have used potassium sulfate,magnesium sulphate and other sulfur-containing fertilizers for a long time.The fertilizer application amount for honey pomelo in Pinghe county ranks the first among the main citrus producing counties in China.Long-term excessive fertilization has caused problems such as soil acidification,nutrient enrichment,and nutritional imbalances,which seriously affect the yield and quality of honey pomelo.Therefore,integrated nutrient management in honey pomelo orchards is very important.In order to provide theoretical and practical basis for the rational application of sulfur-containing fertilizers,soil sulfur content status,soil sulfur distribution characteristics and factors affecting sulfur content inhoney pomelo orchards were analyzed.The relationships of sulfur enrichment with soil acidification,and with calcium and magnesium leaching were discussed.【Methods】314 representative honey pomelo orchards for soil and leaf sample collection were selected from 10 major pomelo producing towns(Wenfeng,Qiling,Luxi,Jiufeng,Nansheng,Guoqiang,Banzai,Shange,Xiazhai and Xiaoxi)in Pinghe county,Fujian province.In order to explore the distribution characteristics of available sulfur in the soil profile,27 honey pomelo orchards with planting years of 15 or more were selected,and soil samples from three soil layers(0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm)were collected at 10 cm inward from the canopy drip line for avoiding fertilization ditch.A total of 81 soil profile samples from honey pomelo orchards were collected.After air drying,the soil samples were gently ground,sieved(0.850 mm and 0.150 mm)and properly stored before analysis.In addition,55 samples of commercial organic fertilizers were collected from the market in Pinghe county for test of total sulfur content on dry weight basis.【Results】Soil available sulfur content in the honey pomelo orchards was in a range of 10.98-116.65 mg·kg^-1 and the average value was 55.63 mg·kg^-1.The soil available sulfur content was classified into the high(>30 mg·kg^-1),the moderate(16-30 mg·kg^-1)and the low(<16 mg·kg^-1)levels,which were 83.44%,13.06%and 3.50%,respectively.The average content of soil available sulfur of pomelo orchards in all towns exceeded the high(30 mg·kg^-1)level,and the proportion of high(>30 mg·kg^-1)samples exceeded 70%.Soil available sulfur content increased with the increases in soil organic matter content,cation exchange capacity(CEC)and clay content.The results also showed that soil available sulfur content increased with the ages of orchard.There was a significant negative correlation between soil available sulfur content and soil pH in the honey pomelo orchards.The average value of soil available sulfur content in the soil layers at 40-60 cm,20-40 cm and 0-20 cm was 72.50 mg·kg^-1,97.81 mg·kg^-1 and 141.70 mg·kg^-1,respectively.The average value of soil available sulfur content in the 40-60 cm soil layer was 95.45%and 44.87%higher compared with the 0-20 cm and the 20-40 cm soil layers,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the content of soil exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were extremely significantly negatively correlated with the content of available sulfur.The sulfur content in the leaves ranged from 0.24%to 0.53%,with an average value of 0.34%.The leaf sulfur content of all honey pomelo orchards was higher than 0.2%,and the proportion of the moderate(0.2%-0.4%)and the high(>0.4%)levels were 86.94%and 13.06%,respectively.The coefficient of variation and the proportion of samples with high soil available sulfur content were 3.00 times and 6.39 times higher than that of leaf sulfur content,respectively,indicating that excessive application of sulfur fertilizer affected sulfur absorption by honey pomelo.【Conclusion】There was a problem of excessive sulfur in the soil and leaves in honey pomelo orchards in Pinghe county.Soil available sulfur enrichment led to soil acidification.Sulfur is easily leached in the soil,which promotes the leaching of calcium and magnesium in the soil.The use of sulfur-containing fertilizers should be controlled in Pinghe county.It is necessary to carry out research on the effect of partial chloride-sulfur substitution on yield and quality of pomelo.
作者
林伟杰
李歆博
于建霞
林锋
庄木来
朱东煌
郭九信
陈立松
李延
LIN Weijie;LI Xinbo;YU Jianxia;LIN Feng;ZHUANG Mulai;ZHU Donghuang;GUO Jiuxin;CHEN Lisong;LI Yan(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;Comprehensive Experiment Station for Guanximiyou,Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Pinghe County,Zhangzhou 363700,Fujian,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期848-856,共9页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家农业(柑橘)产业技术体系专项经费(CARS-26-01A)
国家自然科学基金(31801947)
福建农林大学科技创新专项基金(105/KF2015072)。
关键词
‘琯溪蜜柚’
果园
土壤有效硫含量
叶片硫含量
影响因素
‘Guanximiyou’pomelo
Orchard
Soil available sulfur content
Leaf sulfur content
Influencing factors
