摘要
目的分析贵州省黔东南州消除疟疾前后疫情特征,为今后当地巩固消除疟疾防治成果制定有效策略和措施提供依据.方法收集2005-2018年黔东南州16个县(市)的疟疾病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法,分析消除疟疾前(2005-2011年)、后(2012-2018年)当地居民疟原虫和流动人口疟原虫感染率,疟疾病例人群分布、季节分布、疟原虫种类、传疟媒介种类等特征.结果消除疟疾前共报告疟疾病例1412例,其中本地病例1361例,占总病例数的96.39%;消除疟疾后报告病例17例,均为境外输入性病例.消除疟疾前,18~60岁人员比例为70.54%(996/1412),消除后的17例病例年龄均为18~60岁;儿童/学生比例由消除前的24.65%(348/1412)降至消除后的0;消除前疟疾病例发病高峰为6-10月份,且每月均有病例发生;而消除后,输入性病例呈散在发生;消除前疟原虫种类以间日疟为主(98.58%,1392/1412),消除后主要为恶性疟输入为主(70.59%,12/17);消除前后,疟疾媒介中华按蚊均为优势种群,2015年以后未发现微小按蚊和嗜人按蚊分布.结论黔东南州消除疟疾后,存在输入病例引起的本地疟疾病例风险,建议当地相关部门今后应重点做好境外回归人员疑似疟疾病例处置及其媒介监测工作.
Objective To analyze the characteristics of malaria epidemic situation before and after malaria elimination in Qiandongnan Prefecture,and to provide the basis for establishment of effective strategies and measures to consolidate the achievements of malaria prevention and control.Methods The data of malaria cases in 16 counties(cities)of Qiandongnan Prefecture from 2005 to 2018 were collected,and descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the infection rate of Plasmodium among local residents and floating population before(2005-2011)and after(2012-2018)elimination of malaria,and the characteristics of population distribution,seasonal distribution,species of Plasmodium and types of malaria vectors were analyzed.Results Before elimination of malaria,total of 1412 cases of malaria were reported,among those cases,1361 cases were local cases,accounting for 96.39%of the total cases.After elimination of malaria,total of 17 cases were reported,all of them were imported cases.After comparison of malaria cases before and after the elimination,the proportion of people aged from 18 to 60 was 70.54%(996/1412)before the elimination,all 17 imported cases were 18-60 years old after the elimination,and the proportion of children/students decreased from 24.65%(348/1412)before the elimination to 0 after the elimination.The peak incidence of malaria cases before the elimination was from June to October,and cases occurred every month.After the elimination,the imported cases were sporadic.Plasmodium vivax was the main species of Plasmodium before the elimination(98.58%,1392/1412),and Plasmodium falciparum was mainly imported after the elimination(70.59%,12/17).Before and after the elimination,Anopheles sinensis,the malaria vector,was the dominant population,but no distribution of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles anthropophagus was found after 2015.Conclusions After the elimination of malaria in Qiandongnan Prefecture,there is a risk of local malaria cases caused by imported cases.It is suggested that local authorities should focus on the treatment of suspected malaria cases and vector surveillance of overseas returnees in the future.
作者
唐德亮
罗涛
邓茂铭
狄静
郭豫
侯兴华
杨斌
石德慧
杨彰平
刘运维
祁远方
李琼
潘晓彦
吴国艳
Tang Deliang;Luo Tao;Deng Maoming;Di Jing;Guo Yu;Hou Xinghua;Yang Bin;Shi Dehui;Yang Zhangping;Liu Yunwei;Qi Yuanfang;Li Qiong;Pan Xiaoyan;Wu Guoyan(Department of Epidemiology,Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Qiandongnan,Kaili 556000,China;Department of Epidemiology,Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Gongjiang Qiandongnan,Congjiang 557400,China)
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期362-366,共5页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
关键词
疟疾
疫情特征
疟疾媒介
Malaria
Epidemic characteristics
Malaria vector
