摘要
"四灵"作为我国重要的文化概念,其形成与史前民族的构成与发展直接相关。就"龟龙"而言,代表的是五帝时代中原水居的华夏民族,与"麟凤"代表的东方山居的东夷民族相对。由于这种灵物信仰脱胎于图腾崇拜,"龟族"与"龙族"也就真实存在,并发挥着重要影响。只是与早期"龙族"便已形成的主导地位相适应,崇龙现象更甚崇龟,"龙"已然成为标榜首领地位的灵物。至于"龟灵",则更多体现在龟卜活动的延续与龟兆是从的态度。"龙"与"龟"共同具有的代表性与有所分别的主从地位,意味着"龙族"的概念得到了延展,"龟族"成为其中之一,这样"龙"终究演变为史前华夏族的文化符号。这一地域民族集团的存在事实,便是"二灵"成组的原因。而由此更可感受到,不同族群之间的文化交流、认同与渗透,正是民族共同体建立与维护的必要前提。
As an important cultural concept in China,the formation of"Four Spirits"is directly related to the composition and development of prehistoric nations.As far as"tortoise and dragon"are concerned,they represent the nation of Huaxia living by water in the Central Plains in the Five Emperors Period,as opposed to the nation of Dongyi living on mountains represented by"Lin and Feng(kylin and phoenix)".Because this spiritual belief was born out of totem worship,the Turtle and Dragon Nationalities existed and played an important role.To adapt to the dominant position of the early"Dragon Nationality",the phenomenon of worshiping Dragons exceeds that of turtles,and Dragon has become a symbol of leadership.The"tortoise spirit"is more reflected in the continuation of divination by tortoise and the following attitudes towards the results of divination.The common representative and different subordinate status of"dragon"and"tortoise"mean that the concept of"Dragon nationality"has been extended,and"Tortoise Nationality"is one of them.In effect,"dragon"has eventually become the cultural symbol of prehistoric Huaxia nation.The fact that the"two spirits"were grouped correspond to the mainstream consciousness of dividing nationalities by region in the Five Emperors Period,and reflect the prehistoric prevailing concept of the dichotomy of yin and yang.
作者
何丹
HE Dan(College of Humanities,Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi,330031)
出处
《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2020年第4期66-75,共10页
Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“两周丧礼的居丧与埋葬研究”(18CZS005)。
关键词
四灵
龟
龙
华夏
五帝
Four Spirits
Turtle
Dragon
Huaxia
Five Emperors
