摘要
物权法定是物权法构造之基柱。宏观方面,物权法定应当包括物权内容、种类、公示方式和公示效力四个方面。但“物权”有一个概念层级体系:其一级概念是物权;其二级概念是所有权、用益物权和担保物权;其三级概念如土地用益物权、动产担保物权等;其四级概念如建设用地使用权、动产抵押权等。理论上,与物权法定之主论调从来就唱和着物权缓和、物权自由之从论调。各论调观点相左、价值冲突,难以调谐。形成这一困局的原因在于论者将本不能分别适用于物权一级概念宏观领域,以及也本不能同时适用于物权次级概念微观领域的各论调,或者分别在物权一级概念领域宏观叙事,或者同时在物权次级概念领域同台争鸣,而不是按照各论调可以适用的物权次级概念领域各调各弹:所有权二级概念上实施严格的物权内容、种类、公示方式和公示效力的法定,所有权绝无缓和乃至自由之说;用益物权四级概念上实施物权内容、种类法定基础上的缓和,物权公示方式和公示效力严格法定;担保物权四级概念上实施物权内容、公示方式和公示效力严格法定,物权种类可以自由。终此,物权法定、物权缓和与物权自由各论调完成其微观求证并得以唱和齐鸣。
Legal property rights is the mainstay of the priority law.In the macroscopic aspect,legal property rights should include legal content,legal class,legal publication manner and legal publication effect of the property rights.But the property rights have four concept level system:the first level is just the property rights,the second level contains ownership,usufruct and security rights,the third level has the land usufruct rights and the personal property security rights and the fourth level has construction land usufruct rights and personal property mortgage.In theory,the legal property rights is the main tone,the eased property rights and the free property rights are as the harmony which go always with the main tone in the chorus.Each theory is different,conflicting and difficult to harmonize.The reason for the difficulty is that the discussant use the theories in the first level system,constituting macroscopic discussing which is unused,or use the theories at the same time in the subordinate level system,for the disputing which is also unused.Other than use the each theory in the each subordinate level system:it should be of strict legal content,class,publication manner,and publication effect in the second level system of the ownership,and is never eased and free.It should be legal and eased in the forth level system of the usufruct,and should be strictly legal publication manner and publication effect in the same system.It should be strictly legal in the content,publication manner and publication effect,and should be free in the class in the forth level system of the security rights.If it is,the theory of the legal property rights,eased property rights and free property rights can finish its microcosmic testifying and living together peacefully.
作者
董学立
DONG Xue-li(Kenneth Wang School of Law,Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,China)
出处
《中国海商法研究》
2020年第2期3-17,共15页
Chinese Journal of Maritime Law
关键词
物权法定
物权缓和
物权自由
legal property rights
eased property rights
free property rights
