摘要
为探讨油菜机械化品种的特性,在不同密度和播期条件下对陕西省第一个适合机械化栽培的品种-陕油28和黄淮区主栽品种秦优7号进行了比较研究.试验设置4个密度:22.5万株/hm^2(D1)、 37.5万株/hm^2(D2)、 52.5万株/hm^2(D3)、 67.5万株/hm^2(D4), 2个播期:2016年9月22日(M1)和10月1日(M2).结果表明:(1)陕油28相比于秦优7号,抽薹期晚4 d,初花期晚2 d,盛花期、终花期提前2~3 d,生育期缩短2 d,生育进程表现前慢后快的特点;(2)相同处理下,陕油28的株高、分枝部位高度和主花序长度小于秦优7号,根茎粗、分枝数、结角密度大于秦优7号;(3)相同处理下,陕油28经济系数大于秦优7号,密度增加,陕油28和秦优7号经济系数降低不显著,播期延后,经济系数都增大;(4)随着密度增加,陕油28产量先增加再降低,在D3密度达到最大, M1和M2播期下分别为3689.24 kg/hm^2和3065.85 kg/hm^2,而秦优7号产量一直降低,在D1密度下最大, M1和M2播期下分别为3642.25 kg/hm^2和2956.32 kg/hm^2;(5)相同处理条件下,陕油28根冠比大于秦优7号,陕油28的干物质累计量在D1,D2密度下低于秦优七号,在D3,D4密度下大于秦优七号;(6)随着密度增大,陕油28的倒伏指数略微增加,而秦优7号倒伏指数随着密度增加显著增大.播期延迟后,两个品种的倒伏指数都减小,相同播期和密度,陕油28的倒伏指数显著小于秦优7号,陕油28倒伏指数的负调控因素多于秦优7号.相比于秦优7号,陕油28具有花期短且集中、结角层薄但角果密度大等特性,高密度条件下产量高、根系干物质分配多、不同密度下抗倒伏能力差异小等特点,更适合机械化模式下栽培.
In order to explore the characteristics of mechanized rapeseed cultivars,Shaanyou28,the first cultivar suitable for mechanized cultivation in Shaanxi province,and Qinyou7,the main cultivar in Huang-Huai area,were compared in a field experiment in 2016.Four densities were set:225000 plants/ha(D1),375000 plants/ha(D2),525000 plants/ha(D3)and 675000 plants/ha(D4),and two sowing dates:September 22(M1)and October 1(M2).The results showed that compared with that of Qinyou7,the growth of Shaanyou28 was characterized by a slow growth in the early periods and a fast growth in the later periods:4 days later in bolting,2 days later in initial flowering,2-3 days earlier in full bloom stage and final bloom stages,and 2 days shorter in the whole growth duration.Under the same density and sowing date,plant height,branching height and length of main inflorescence of Shaanyou28 were smaller than those of Qinyou7,and the diameter of root crown,branch number and the density of siliques were larger than those of Qinyou7.The economic coefficient of Shaanyou28 and Qinyou7 decreased with the increase in density,and increased with the delay of sowing.Under the same density and sowing date,the economic coefficient of Shaanyou28 was higher than that of Qinyou7.As density increased,seed yield of Shaanyou28 first increased and then decreased,with the highest yield at D3,being 3689.24 and 3065.85 kg/ha at M1 and M2,respectively.Under the same sowing date and density,the root-shoot ratio of Shaanyou28 was higher than that of Qinyou;and the dry matter accumulation of Shaanyou28 was lower than that of Qinyou7 under D1 and D2,and higher than that of Qinyou7 under D3 and D4.As planting density increased,the lodging index of Shaanyou28 slightly increased,while that of Qinyou7 significantly increased.The lodging index decreased in both cultivars with delayed sowing.With the same sowing date and density,Shaanyou28 had a significantly smaller lodging index than Qinyou7.Shaanyou28 had more negative regulation factors for lodging index than Qinyou7.In conclusion,compared with Qinyou7,Shaanyou28 has shorter and more concentrated flowering period,fewer days to maturity,thinner silique layer,higher silique density,higher yield under high density condition,more dry matter distribution to the root system and stronger lodging resistance,thus making it more suitable for mechanized cultivation.
作者
宋波
张杏燕
李德富
董军刚
SONG Bo;ZHANG Xing-yan;LI De-fu;DONG Jun-gang(Agricultural College,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期66-73,共8页
Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
陕西省科技攻关项目(2016NY-003)。
关键词
陕油28
秦优7号
播期
密度
农艺性状
抗倒性
Shaanyou28
Qinyou7
sowing date
density
agronomic character
lodging resistance
