摘要
贫困是困扰人类的世界性问题,区域性贫困是中国当前贫困问题的突出表现,而自然环境因素往往对区域性贫困产生重大影响。探讨贫困的空间特征及其演化,分析其地理成因,可为区域瞄准政策的制定提供重要依据。本研究以大别山连片特困区的皖西地区为例,聚焦自然环境,利用地理探测器和耦合协调模型,从乡镇尺度,通过分析主要自然环境因素对贫困空间分异的主导影响、交互影响及影响的地域类型,剖析自然环境的影响机理,研究结果显示:(1)平均坡度和平均高程对皖西地区贫困空间分异的影响最大,且各自然因素的影响具有交互性,说明皖西地区贫困的空间分异是多个自然因素综合作用的结果;(2)自然因素与贫困发生率的耦合协调关系存在明显空间规律,耦合协调度整体上由西南向东北递减,但不同自然因素影响的空间规律不同;(3)根据耦合协调度,可将自然环境对皖西地区贫困空间分异的影响归纳为自然环境低度影响型、自然资源中度影响型、自然环境高度影响型、自然环境极高影响型四种,不同类型的乡镇,其主导影响因素和影响过程具有明显差异;(4)文章提出提升城市化水平、调整农业结构、发展特色农业产业、生态补偿扶贫、异地搬迁扶贫等针对性的减贫措施。
Poverty is a worldwide problem afflicting mankind. Regional poverty is a prominent manifestation of China’s current poverty problem, while natural environmental factors often have a significant impact on regional poverty. Taking Dabie Mountain Areas with special hardships in Western Anhui as an example, focusing on the natural environment, using geographical detector and coupling coordination model, this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of the natural environment by analyzing the dominant influence, interactive influence and regional type of the main natural environment factors on the poverty spatial differentiation from the township scale, so as to provide some basis for the formulation of regional precision poverty alleviation measures. The results showed that:(1) Average slope and average elevation were the most decisive factors for spatial differentiation of poverty in Westem Anhui, and the influence of various natural factors was interactive, which indicated that spatial differentiation of poverty in Western Anhui is the result of the combined action of many natural factors.(2) There were obvious spatial laws in the coupling coordination relationship between natural factors and incidence of poverty, and the coupling coordination degree decreased from the Southwest to the Northeast on the whole, but the spatial laws affected by different natural factors were different.(3) According to the coupling coordination degree, the effects of natural environment on spatial differentiation of poverty in Western Anhui were classified into four types: low-impact of natural environment, medium-impact of natural resources, high-impact of natural environment and extremely high-impact of natural environment. And for different types of villages and towns, the dominant natural factors and the process of influence were obviously different.(4) Finally, the article put forward the targeted poverty reduction measures, such as raising the level of urbanization, adjusting the agricultural structure, developing the characteristic agricultural industry, ecological compensation, relocation, respectively, etc.
作者
杨娜
赵春雨
温瑞霞
YANG Na;ZHAO Chunyu;WEN Ruixia(School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,Anhui,China)
出处
《山地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期449-460,共12页
Mountain Research
基金
安徽省高校人文社会科学重点研究项目(SK2016A041)
国家自然科学基金项目(41771177)。
关键词
贫困空间分异
自然环境
皖西地区
减贫策略
poverty spatial differentiation
natural environment
Western Anhui
poverty reduction strategy
