摘要
国际卫生组织建议各国在面对COVID-19时应发挥四项功能。透过结构功能论类型化中国和美国的治理体系,可以发现造成两国在应对疫情时差异的制度性因素。从国家结构与政党制度的差异来看,单一制与合作型政党制度更有利初期的遏制政策(Containment),包含指令下达、地方执行且实时处理,避免其他各省的医疗体系崩溃,以有利后续减灾政策(Mitigation)的推动,各省得以调度医疗和人力资源以支持武汉重灾区,贯彻应收尽收原则;政党的特性,民主集中制发挥了确保指令下达的效度以及调动社会积极性的两项优势;主流价值观亦产生差异,以社群为基础的社会主义价值观有利隔离政策的贯彻,并保障了弱势的医疗权益,确保疫情的控制。
The World Health Organization recommended that its member countries shall perform four functions during the COVID-19 pandemic.Comparing the governance systems of China and the United States through the theory of structural functionalism,we can find the institutional factors that caused the differences between the two countries in responding to the pandemic.From the perspective of different state structures and party systems,we argue that a unitary state and a multi-party cooperation system are more conducive to practicing the containment policies in the early stage of the outbreak regarding instruction issuance and execution and real-time implementation by local departments;these policies helped other Chinese provinces to avoid the collapse of health systems and better roll out mitigation policies in the later stage,so that they could dispatch manpower and medical resources to the worst-hit region of Wuhan,Hubei province which then was able to take all qualified patients into hospitals.The democratic centralism in China,the characteristic of the CPC,has displayed two advantages in ensuring the effectiveness of instruction issuance and mobilizing social enthusiasm.In addition,differences in mainstream values also matter;the community-based socialist values boosted the efficacy of China’s isolation policies,protected the vulnerable groups of their right to health treatment and ultimately kept the outbreak under control.
作者
施家伦
赖冠儒
SHI Jialun;LAI Guanru
出处
《江汉大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第4期41-52,126,共13页
Journal of Jianghan University(Social Science Edition)
关键词
国家结构
政党制度
社会主义
民主集中制
state structure
party system
socialism
democratic centralism
