摘要
经颅直流电刺激技术是一项非入侵式脑刺激技术,能够调节大脑皮层神经兴奋性,增强大脑与肌肉的连接,提升人体的运动能力。通过检索Web of Science数据库中2000—2019年有关经颅直流电刺激对运动表现影响的研究文献,系统梳理了国外经颅直流电刺激技术对运动表现影响的相关研究文献,并剖析了该技术应用到体育运动中可能存在的安全性、伦理性及最优化问题。研究表明:1)经颅直流电刺激技术在延缓肌肉疲劳、增强肌肉力量、促进运动技能习得、提升运动感觉及平衡能力等运动表现方面具有一定效果与潜在优势,但存在因脑区的选择及刺激范式(刺激强度、时间、极板大小等)差异导致个别研究未达到上述效果;2)在评价肌肉力量、运动技能学习、运动感觉及平衡能力方面的实验任务设置较为简单,选择最佳刺激脑区和刺激范式以及进行复杂难度的评价任务还需深入研究,且选取运动员作为受试对象验证该技术影响运动员运动表现效益的实证研究数量较少;3)经颅直流电刺激技术在运动训练中使用的安全性存在争议,如何在保证安全的前提下使用该项技术仍是关注的重点问题;4)根据世界反兴奋剂机构(World Anti-Doping Agency,WADA)规定的使用兴奋剂条例界定标准,在体育竞赛中使用经颅直流电刺激技术目前还无法判定该技术属于神经兴奋剂;5)未来将该技术以科技助力应用到真实的运动情景,从而提升运动员的运动表现是体育科学研究中新的研究视角与方向。
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation is a non-invasive brain stimulation technology,which can regulate the excitability of cortical nerve and enhance the connection between brain and muscle,thereby improve the motor ability.By searching the literature in the database of Web of Science,this paper systematically summarizes the oversea researches about the influence of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation technology on sports performance,and analyzes the safety,ethics and optimization methods in the application of this technology to sports.It is concluded that:1)Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation technology has potential advantages in improving motor performance,including delaying muscle fatigue,enhancing muscle strength,promoting motor skill acquisition,enhancing motor sense and improving balance ability.However,a small number of studies didn’t observe these effects because of the differences in brain regions selection and stimulation patterns(stimulation intensity,time,plate size,etc.);2)the experimental task setting in the evaluation of muscle strength,motor skill learning,motor sensation and balance ability are relatively simple,and the selection of the best stimulation brain area and stimulation paradigm as well as the evaluation of complex and difficult motor tasks needs further study.Only a few empirical studies recruited athletes to verify the effect of this technology on their sports performance;3)the safety of the application of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation technology in sports training is controversial,so more studies are needed to clarified how to use the technology safely;4)according to the doping standard defined by the World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA),whether the transcranial Direct Current Stimulation technology in competitive sports is a nerve stimulant or not is not very clear;5)in the future,more studies should be carry out to apply this technology to real sports situations with the help of science and technology,so as to improve athletes’performance.
作者
乔淇淇
王新
康灵
夏忠梁
QIAO Qiqi;WANG Xin;KANG Ling;XIA Zhongliang(Shenyang Sport University,Department of Postgraduate,Shenyang 110102,China;Shenyang Sport University,Sports Social Science Research Center,Shenyang 110102,China;Shenyang Sport University,College of Physical Education,Shenyang 110102,China)
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期83-95,共13页
China Sport Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFF0300502)。
关键词
经颅直流电刺激
运动表现
安全
伦理
transcranial direct current stimulation
sport performance
safety
ethics
