摘要
民族主义一直是影响国际关系的重要因素。作为一种从经济民族主义、政治现实主义等理论中汲取思想元素并对一国对外经济政策产生重要影响的思潮,技术民族主义对国际关系的影响日益凸显。不同国家的技术民族主义存在实质性差别。根据其目标、动机、政策表现与影响,技术民族主义可分为防御性技术民族主义和进攻性技术民族主义。后者对国际经济与政治关系的消极影响大于积极影响。特朗普政府的执政及其发起的对华科技战,标志着进攻性民族主义政策倾向急剧上升,这反映了美国维护全球经济与技术主导地位的霸权思维。进攻性民族主义在美国国内亦具有深厚的政治与社会基础。在政策实施中,美方在强调中美制度与意识形态对立、价值观差异与国家利益矛盾的基础上,将中国科技产业发展及相关高科技企业视为安全威胁,通过“安全化”的政策过程与扩大对华科技战国际联盟体系,不断推进对华科技战。美国的这一政策倾向正在并将继续侵蚀中美关系的基础,削弱世界经济可持续发展的动能,并与其他影响因素相互叠加,对全球战略稳定造成严重负面影响。
Nationalism is arguably the most important political ideology in international politics.Techno-nationalism,as a strain of nationalism that combines elements of economic nationalism and political realism,is an emerging school of thought increasingly shaping national foreign policies and global governance.Different countries practice different versions of techno-nationalism.According to the goals,motives,and effects of national policies,techno-nationalism can be divided into two types:defensive nationalism and offensive nationalism,the latter of which exerts a far greater negative impact on international economics and politics than a positive impact.The technology war launched by President Trump against China represents the most recent resurgence of U.S.techno-nationalism and reflects a hegemonic mindset that seeks to preserve U.S.economic and technological primacy.The Trump administration regards the growth of China’s high-tech giants and science and technology industries as a grave threat to U.S.national security,and seeks to build a Western alliance to impede the growth of China’s high-tech industry.Washington’s unilateral techno-nationalism is eroding the foundation of China-U.S.relations,weakening the world economic momentum,and undermining global strategic stability.
出处
《国际展望》
CSSCI
2020年第5期46-64,158,159,共21页
Global Review
