摘要
阿伊努人历史上被称为“虾夷”,经历了从最早定居列岛的主人到生存空间被蚕食的反抗者、同质化运动中的被隐藏少数,直到现在不再纠结于血缘、发出本民族声音的历程。这体现了阿伊努人的民族韧性,也宣告消解一个民族的政策无论如何设计,最终也难逃失败宿命。日本政府承认阿伊努人的土著民族地位,不仅归因于全球土著民族运动的大背景,也与阿伊努人不懈争取不无关系,即便在过去单一民族导引下、同化政策大行其道的最低谷时。正是因为在漫长黑夜的坚守,终于让阿伊努人得到应有地位。通过分析日本阿伊努人政策的嬗变,对理解土著民族或少数族裔政策发展轨迹有启发,说明不应仅凭人口多寡,使一方从属于另一方,不应由任意方的价值体系与认知经验来评判和决定对方命运,而应相互平等且并行发展。同时揭示了正视族群差异的现实及发展不平衡的本质,对促进族群和解与消除发展不平衡具有重要意义。
The Ainu people,known as“shrimp Yi”in history,have gone through the process from the first owner of the islands to the resister whose living space has been eroded and the hidden few in the homogenization movement.Until now,they are no longer entangled in their blood relation-ship and make their own voice.This reflects the national resilience of the Ainu people,and also declares that no matter how the policy of eliminating a nation is designed,it cannot escape the fate of failure.The Japanese government’s recognition of the status of the Ainu people’s indigenous peoples is not only due to the background of the global indigenous peoples movement,but also has something to do with the Ainu people’s unremitting efforts,even when the assimilation policy was at its lowest point under the guidance of a single nation in the past.It is because of the persistence in the long night that the Ainu finally get their due status.Through the analysis of the evolution of the Ainu policy in Japan,we can get some inspiration for the un-derstanding of the development track of the policy of the indigenous or ethnic minorities,and explain that one side should not be subordinate to the oth-er side only by the size of the population,and should not be judged and determined by the value system and cognitive experience of either side,but should be equal and parallel development.At the same time,it reveals the importance of facing up to the reality of ethnic differences and the essence of development imbalance for promoting ethnic reconciliation and eliminating development imbalance.
作者
高小岩
祁进玉
Gao Xiao-yan;Qi Jin-yu
出处
《青海民族大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2020年第2期19-28,共10页
Journal of Qinghai Minzu University：Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘一带一路’沿线各国民族志研究及数据库建设”(项目编号:17ZDA155)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
阿伊努人
原住民
族群政策
单一民族
同化
Ainu People
Indigenous People
Ethnic Policy
Single Nationality
Assimilation
