摘要
【目的】研究不同配比肥料对核桃树产量和坚果品质的影响情况,为陇南地区核桃生产中配方肥料的筛选提供参考依据。【方法】以栽植10年的‘清香’核桃树为研究对象,以专利配比肥料(专利号为ZL 201310478984.X,N∶P∶K=5∶3∶1)为对照组,以配方专用肥(专利配比肥料加微量元素优化肥,N∶P∶K=28∶16∶6)作为肥料甲,以生产中常用的不同配比的三元复合肥作为肥料乙(N∶P∶K=22∶14∶14)和肥料丙(N∶P∶K=25∶10∶15),每种肥料各设3个施肥水平,同一施肥水平的单位树冠投影面积的N元素用量相同,试验共设1个对照组和3个处理(即处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)组,每个处理又各设3次重复,共设10个试验组,于2017-2019年在甘肃省成县城关镇宁寨村核桃园进行了连续3年的施肥试验,并对试验树的产量与坚果品质进行了测定和分析。【结果】每平方米树冠投影面积下施入0.311 kg肥料甲(即核桃配方专用肥,其配比为N∶P∶K=28∶16∶6,N、P、K有效含量均为50%,N、P、K的施用量分别为0.087、0.050、0.019 kg·m-2)对核桃树的产量及坚果品质的作用效果显著(P<0.05),其次为对照组,肥料甲处理Ⅱ的核桃树每平方米树冠投影面积的干果产量平均为2.20 kg,比对照组的多0.31 kg,比肥料丙处理Ⅰ的多1.10 kg;肥料甲处理Ⅱ的平均单果质量为15.798 g,比对照组的增加0.102 g,比肥料丙处理Ⅰ的增加1.164 g;肥料甲处理Ⅱ的坚果平均出仁率为54.6%,比对照组的增加0.1%,比肥料丙处理Ⅰ的增加1.6%;肥料甲处理Ⅱ的坚果平均出油率为60.1%,比对照组的高0.9%,比肥料丙处理Ⅰ的高6.8%;肥料甲处理Ⅱ的坚果三径平均值最大。【结论】肥料甲处理Ⅱ的核桃树产量最高,其坚果品质最佳;配方专用肥甲处理Ⅱ的肥料配比(N∶P∶K=28∶16∶6)和肥料用量(每平方米树冠投影面积的施肥量为0.311 kg)是目前促使陇南地区核桃树丰产、提高其坚果品质的最佳配比和最适用量。
【Objective】The effects of different formula fertilizers on yield and nut quality of walnut were studied in order to provide reference for selection of fertilizer formula in walnut production in Longnan district.【Method】10-year-old walnut trees‘Qingxiang’were materials and the patent fertilizer(patent No.ZL 201310478984.X,N∶P∶K=5∶3∶1)was used as control group;Formula fertilizer(patent fertilizer mixed with micronutrient fertilizer,N∶P∶K=28∶16∶6)was fertilizer A;Common used fertilizers were fertilizer B(N∶P∶K=22∶14∶14)and fertilizer C(N∶P∶K=25∶10∶15).Three levels were set for each fertilizer,and the amount of N element was the same in the projected area per canopy at the same fertilization level.The experiment had a control group and 3 treatment groups(treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ)with three replicates.There were 10 test groups in total.A three-year fertilization experiment was carried out in the walnut orchard of Ningzhai village,Chengguan town,Cheng county,Gansu province in 2017-2019.The yield and nut quality of the test tree were measured and analyzed.【Result】Fertilizer A applied 0.311 kg per square meters of crown projection area(special fertilizer for walnut with N∶P∶K=28∶16∶6,which effective contents of N,P,K were all 50%,and N,P,K dosage was 0.087,0.050 and 0.019 kg·m-2,respectively)had a significant effect on the yield and nut quality of walnut trees(P<0.05),followed by the control group.The projected area per square meter of crown in fertilizer A treatment Ⅱ was 2.20 kg,which was 0.31 kg more than the control group,and was 1.10 kg more than fertilizer C treatment Ⅰ;The average single fruit mass of fertilizer A treatment Ⅱ was 15.798 g,which was 0.102 g more than that of control and was 1.164 g more than that of fertilizer C treatment Ⅰ;The average kernel ratio of nuts in fertilizer A treatment Ⅱ was 54.6%,which was 0.1%higher than that of the control and was 1.6%higher than that of fertilizer C treatment Ⅰ;The average oil yield of nuts in fertilizer A treatment Ⅱ was 60.1%,which was 0.9%higher than that of control and was 6.8%higher than that of fertilizer C treatment Ⅰ;The average value of three-diameter of nuts in fertilizer A treatment Ⅱ was the highest.【Conclusion】The walnut trees in fertilizer A treatment Ⅱ had the highest yield and the best nut quality.Formula fertilizer A treatment Ⅱ(N∶P∶K=28∶16∶6)and its application amount(0.311 g per square meters of crown projection area)is currently the preferred formula fertilizer for high yield and high quality walnut trees in Longnan.
作者
张海燕
汪海
任志勇
朱建朝
张亚莉
ZHANG Hayan;WANG Hai;REN Zhiyong;ZHU Jiachao;ZHANG Yali(Institute of Walnut Research,Longnan Economic Forest Research Institute,Wudu 746000,Gansu,China;Gansu Walnut Engineering Technology Research Center,Wudu 746000,Gansu,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2020年第3期127-135,共9页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
中央财政林业科技推广项目“陇南市核桃高效栽培关键技术示范与推广”(〔2019〕ZYTG11)
陇南市经济林研究院自列项目“陇南市不同配方肥料区域试验研究”(2015-zd-02)。
关键词
核桃
配方专用肥
产量
坚果品质
Walnut
special formulated fertilizer
yield
nut quality
