摘要
滇西是中国甜糯玉米的重要生产基地,也是草地贪夜蛾等多种重大迁飞性害虫的冬季繁殖区。2019年对德宏州瑞丽市冬季玉米田害虫种群的调查表明,常见种类有草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda、亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis、斜纹夜蛾S.litura和甜菜夜蛾S.exigua等,以草地贪夜蛾为优势种类,其为害株率占玉米总被害株率的95.41%。当地农民一年种植两季甜糯玉米,主要采用化学农药防治玉米害虫。自草地贪夜蛾入侵以来,农药使用次数呈增加趋势,防治草地贪夜蛾效果较好的甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐使用次数明显增多,2019年夏播玉米平均施药6.83次,年施药超过10次。这种依靠单一化学农药的防治策略,虽短期内可控制草地贪夜蛾等害虫的为害,但易引发抗药性。鉴于滇西地区是草地贪夜蛾等重大害虫在中国的周年繁殖区,建议该地区各级政府给予重点关注,推广绿色防控技术,实现草地贪夜蛾源头的科学治理。
West Yunnan is an important productive area of sweet and waxy corn in China,as well as the winter breeding zone for several important migratory pests including fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda.A survey on occurrence of insect pests in winter corn fields in Ruili city of Yunnan province was conducted in 2019,and the results showed that the FAW,Ostrinia furnacalis,S.litura and S.exigua were all found with FAW as the dominant species which caused a damage rate of 95.41%among the total damage rate of corn plants.Local farmers grow sweet and waxy corn twice per year and mainly used chemical pesticides to control corn pests.Since the FAW invaded there,the spraying frequencies of pesticides especially emamectin benzoate,which had a high efficiency against FAW,increased to 6.83 times in summer 2019.This control strategy of relying on over application of a single chemical pesticide(sprayed more than 10 times per year)can control the pests in short term,but it would promote the development of pesticide resistance.In view of the fact that the western Yunnan region is the annual breeding zone for FAW in China,it is suggested that the local governments should pay more attention to this and promote the extension of green prevention and control technology,and realize the scientific management of the source FAW.
作者
宋翼飞
吴孔明
SONG Yifei;WU Kongming(State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China)
出处
《植物保护》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期217-222,共6页
Plant Protection
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0300102)
中国农业科学院重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202007,Y2019YJ06)。
关键词
草地贪夜蛾
滇西
甜糯玉米
化学防治
昆虫迁飞
Spodoptera frugiperda
western Yunnan
sweet and waxy corn
chemical control
insect migration
