摘要
自传统学徒制开始,职业教育始终围绕解决产业发展转型创新升级导向。传统学徒制解决了手工业时代的技术传承,现代学徒制满足了工业化时代的流水线生产,中国特色现代学徒制面对知识创新时代对工程师人才的指数级增长需求,迫切需要协调政府、行业协会、职业院校、企业等利益主体。中国特色现代学徒制的有效推进面临困难主要是协调三大核心关系即宏观层面的产业转型升级与职业教育体系改革的协同关系、中观层面的行业企业与职业院校利益融合博弈关系、微观层面的导师主体与徒弟主体的利益保障关系。顶层制度设计不仅要解决"双重身份"陷阱、"双向断裂"现象、"双重体系"困境、"双导师"异化等现实困境,更需要健全中国特色现代学徒制的主体利益保障长效机制,为"中国制造2025"供给侧改革持续输出高质量工程师人才铺平道路。
Since the beginning of the traditional apprenticeship system, vocational education has always been centered on solving the problem of industrial development, transformation, innovation and upgrading. The traditional apprenticeship has solved the technical inheritance in the handicraft era. The modern apprenticeship has met the assembly production line in the industrialized era. The modern apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics is facing the exponential increase of engineers in the knowledge innovation era. Long demand requires urgent coordination among stakeholders such as government, industry associations, vocational colleges and enterprises. The difficulties faced by the effective promotion of the modern apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics are mainly the coordination of the three core relationships, namely, the synergy between the industrial transformation and upgrading at the macro level and the reform of the vocational education system, the game relationship between the interests of the industrial enterprises and vocational colleges at the middle level, and the protection of the interests of the tutors and apprentices at the micro level. The top-level system design should not only solve the "dual identity" trap, the "two-way fracture" phenomenon, the "dual system" dilemma, the "double mentors" alienation and other practical difficulties, but also improve the long-term mechanism of the main interests of modern apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics, so as to pave the way for the continuous output of high-quality engineers in thesupply-side reform of "Made in China 2025".
作者
朱国华
吴兆雪
ZHU Guo-hua;WU Zhao-xue(Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Zhejiang College,Jinhua 321013;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)
出处
《成人教育》
北大核心
2020年第10期65-70,共6页
Adult Education
基金
浙江省教育科学规划课题“浙江省应用型本科院校实践现代学徒制的成效、问题与对策”,课题编号为2020SCG125研究成果。
关键词
现代学徒制
职业教育体系
教育改革
modern apprenticeship
vocational education system
education reform
