摘要
Ceria-based heterostructure composite(CHC)has become a new stream to develop advanced low-temperature(300–600°C)solid oxide fuel cells(LTSOFCs)with excellent power outputs at 1000 mW cm−2 level.The state-ofthe-art ceria–carbonate or ceria–semiconductor heterostructure composites have made the CHC systems significantly contribute to both fundamental and applied science researches of LTSOFCs;however,a deep scientific understanding to achieve excellent fuel cell performance and high superionic conduction is still missing,which may hinder its wide application and commercialization.This review aims to establish a new fundamental strategy for superionic conduction of the CHC materials and relevant LTSOFCs.This involves energy band and built-in-field assisting superionic conduction,highlighting coupling effect among the ionic transfer,band structure and alignment impact.Furthermore,theories of ceria–carbonate,e.g.,space charge and multi-ion conduction,as well as new scientific understanding are discussed and presented for functional CHC materials.
