摘要
新闻伦理在技术的驱动下正经历新的转向,其特征是透明性正成为新的新闻伦理标准。新闻透明性的提出旨在重建新闻业与公众的信任关系,让新闻生产的流程与操作从“后台”走向“前台”。美国新闻业信任危机、新闻客观性式微、新闻业与受众的关系改变让透明性在新闻伦理中的话语地位凸显。新闻透明性也存在争议,“透明性是否能提升新闻可信度”“透明性是否可以成为新的‘客观性'”是争论的焦点。争议犹存,但不影响透明性实践价值。在实践中,“是否应该透明”不是问题,“多大程度上透明”则是一个问题。本文提出适度透明的概念,分析了“适度”透明的四个标准:可信度标准、偏见标准、公共利益和最小伤害标准、用户体验标准。作为一种正在兴起的新闻伦理原则,透明性的实践价值与效果有待进一步评估。
Driven by digital technology,journalism ethics takes on a new feature,i.e.transparency has become the new focus in journalism ethics and standards.The journalistic transparency aims to restore trust between journalism and the general public,bringing the process of news production to the front stage.The trust crisis in American journalism,the decline of journalistic objectivity as well as the relationship shift between journalism and the audience accentuate the importance of transparency in journalism ethics.There is also controversy about journalistic transparency.Whether transparency can improve the credibility of journalism and whether transparency can become the new"objectivity"standard are the focuses of the debates.Despite the existence of disputes,the practical values of journalistic transparency are not affected.In practice,whether journalism should be transparent is certain,but the degree of transparency demands more discussion.This paper proposes the concept of"appropriate transparency"and its four criteria:Credibility,degree of bias,public interest and minimum harm,and user experience.As an emerging code of ethics,the practical value and effect of transparency has yet to be evaluated.
作者
张超
ZHANG Chao(School of Cultural Communication,Shandong University)
出处
《国际新闻界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第8期88-109,共22页
Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication
基金
2019年度国家社科基金项目“智媒时代新闻生产算法风险及其协同治理研究”的阶段性成果,项目批准号:19BXW020。
关键词
透明性
客观性
公共利益
适度透明
算法透明
Transparency
objectivity
public interest
appropriate transparency
algorithmic transparency
