摘要
研究黄土高原半干旱区立式深旋耕方式下饲用玉米合理有效的施肥模式,为提高产量和资源利用效率提供科学依据。2017—2019年在黄土高原半干旱区设单施化肥(all of fertilizer, F)、有机肥替代50%化肥(50%of fertilizer+50%of organic fertilizer, FOF)、全部有机肥(all of organic fertilizer, OF) 3种施肥模式,研究不同施肥模式对饲用玉米耗水特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,农田0~300 cm各土层土壤贮水消耗与生育期耗水、降水量及降水分布密切相关。在干旱年份, FOF和OF较F增加了花期0~300 cm土层土壤贮水量11.9%和11.7%,显著消耗了花前0~60 cm土层土壤贮水量, 0~300 cm土层土壤总耗水量FOF较OF和F增加1.4%和10.3%,花前耗水量较F降低13.0%、较OF增加0.3%,花后耗水量分别增加20.7%和23.9%。丰水年2018年FOF和OF较F提高花前耗水量13.5%和31.6%,降低花后耗水量21.9%和36.1%, 2019年FOF较F和OF增加花前耗水量9.7%和11.9%,较F降低花后耗水量8.1%,且不同施肥模式对0~300 cm土层土壤贮水量消耗均有影响。0~300 cm土层土壤耗水量在干旱年份FOF高于F,但无显著性差异,在两丰水年均低于F。FOF较F和OF增加成熟期干物质量4.1%~10.4%、2.7%~11.5%,增加籽粒产量3.8%~9.4%、10.1%~12.0%,增加生物量5.6%~8.9%、3.1%~15.5%,提高籽粒水分利用效率7.9%~11.1%、1.5%~14.6%。可见,有机肥替代50%化肥模式能够优化土壤的水分特性,增加土壤耗水有效性,提高产量和WUE,是黄土高原半干旱农业区饲用玉米增产增效的有效肥料管理模式。
To elucidate soil water consumption characteristics and provide scientific basis for forage maize,a reasonable fertilization model under vertical rotatory subsoiling was studied on semi-arid lands of Loess Plateau.Three patterns including traditional fertilization(F),50%replacement of chemical fertilizers using organic fertilizers(FOF),and complete organic fertilization(OF)were designed in 2017 and 2019 in order to investigate their effects on crop evapotranspiartion(ETc),grain yields,and water use efficiency(WUE).The results showed that there was a significant relationship among soil water storage(SWS),ETc,precipitation,and distribution in 0–300 cm layers.During the dry year,compared to F,FOF and OF increased SWS in 0–300 cm at anthesis stage by 11.9%and 11.7%,respectively,significantly consuming SWS in 0–60 cm layers.ETc in 0–300 cm treated with FOF was increased by 1.4%and 10.3%,compared to OF and F,whereas ETc before anthesis was decreased by 13.0%compared to F,but increased by 0.3%compared to OF,while ETc after anthesis was increased by 20.7%and 23.9%.During the wet year of 2018,compared to F,FOF and OF increased ETc before anthesis by 13.5%and 31.6%,while decreased it by 21.9%and 36.1%.During 2019,FOF increased ETc before anthesis by 9.7%and 11.9%,compared to F and OF,while it decreased ETc after anthesis by 8.1%compared to F.Furthermore,each fertilization pattern had significant effects on SWS at each layer across 0–300 soil profile.Regardless of different precipitation years,ETc from 0–300 cm layers of FOF was higher than that of F,but the difference was not significant,and was lower than that of F during the wet years of 2018 and 2019,and it had no significant differences to OF.Compared to F and OF,FOF increased dry matter weight at harvest by 4.1%–10.4%and 2.7%–11.5%,improved grain yields by 3.8%–9.4%and 10.1%–12.0%,increased population biomass yields by 5.6%–8.9%and 3.1%–15.5%,and consequently improved WUE based grain yields by 7.9%–11.1%and 1.5%–14.6%,respectively.In conclusion,50%substitute of chemical fertilizers by organic ones could optimize soil water characteristics,increase crop effective water consumption,boosts yields and WUE,and it can be an efficient fertilizer management model for the high-yield and high-efficiency of forage maize productions in semi-arid areas of Loess Plateau.
作者
方彦杰
张绪成
于显枫
侯慧芝
王红丽
马一凡
张国平
雷康宁
FANG Yan-Jie;ZHANG Xu-Cheng;YU Xian-Feng;HOU Hui-Zhi;WANG Hong-Li;MA Yi-Fan;ZHANG Guo-Ping;LEI Kang-Ning(Institute of Dry-Land Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of High-Water Utilization on Dryland of Lanzhou,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期1958-1969,共12页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
甘肃省重点研发计划项目(18YF1WA092)
甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项计划(2019GAAS10)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B04)资助。
关键词
立式深旋耕
有机肥替代
产量
水分利用效率
饲用玉米
vertically rotary sub-soiling
substitution of organic fertilizer
yield
water use efficiency
forage maize
