摘要
针对现有鲜食玉米收获机在收获果穗时,果穗中含有茎叶等杂质,影响运输、贮存和后续加工等问题,采用轴流风机负压除杂技术去除果穗中的茎秆和茎叶等杂质,同时在除杂装置内增加动、定刀,切碎杂质,便于后续的打包回收利用,并对风机负压除杂装置进行了性能分析和参数优化。通过对动、定刀进行动力学分析,对动、定刀数和刀间隙进行分析,确定了该装置的风机转速范围为1326~1573 r/min,动、定刀间隙20 mm,定刀数为3~8。采用二次回归正交组合试验方案,以风机转速、定刀数、喂入量为试验因素,以果穗含杂率和茎秆切碎长度合格率为试验指标进行台架试验,通过分析各因素对指标贡献率,得到影响茎秆切碎长度合格率的主次顺序为喂入量、风机转速、定刀数,影响果穗含杂率的主次顺序为风机转速、喂入量、定刀数。建立了参数优化数学模型,利用Optimization模块优化得出,当风机转速为1524 r/min、单排定刀数为4、喂入量为7.6 kg/s时,茎秆切碎长度合格率为96.8%,果穗含杂率为0.69%。对优化后的参数组合进行了5组验证试验,得到茎秆切碎长度合格率平均值为96.2%,果穗含杂率平均值为0.71%。相比于传统收获机,该装置使果穗含杂率降低了23.3%,说明该优化参数能够满足鲜食玉米果穗收获和茎叶青贮相关技术要求。
In view of the existing fresh corn harvester in grain harvest,grain contains impurities such as stem leaf,affected transportation,storage and subsequent processing and so on,by axial flow fan technology of negative pressure to get rid of the impurities such as the stem and leaf of ear,at the same time increase in the subtraction,knife chop of impurities,facilitating subsequent packaging recycling.Performance analysis and parameter optimization were carried out for the fan negative pressure impurity removal device,in order to reduce the rate of clutter in the ear and improve the recovery efficiency of green stalks.Through the dynamic analysis of moving and fixed knives,as well as the analysis of the number and clearance of moving and fixed knives,the fan speed range of the device was determined to be 1326~1573 r/min,the clearance of moving and fixed knives was 20 mm,and the fixed knives were 3~8.Using quadratic regression orthogonal combination experiment schemes to the fan speed,knife number,feeding amount as test factors,chop to grain impurity rate and stem length,percent of pass was bench test,the test indexes were obtained by analysis of the contribution rate of various factors on the indicators qualified rate of the primary and secondary influence stem chopped length in order to feed rate,the fan speed,the number on the edge of the sword.The primary and secondary order influencing the impurity rate of fruit ear were fan speed,feeding amount and fixed number of knives.The mathematical model of parameter optimization was established,and the optimization module was used to get that when the fan speed was 1524 r/min,the single setting knife was 4,and the feeding amount was 7.6 kg/s,the qualified rate of the cutting length of the stalk was 96.8%,and the hybrid rate of the ear was 0.69%.When the fan speed was 1524 r/min,the number of fixed blades was 4,and the feeding amount was 7.6 kg/s,the qualified rate of cutting length of stalk was 96.2%,and the impurity rate of ear was 0.71%,which was 23.3%lower than that of traditional harvester.The experimental results showed that the optimized parameters met the technical requirements of fresh corn ear harvest and stem and leaf silage.
作者
周福君
官晓东
唐遵峰
吴昊
ZHOU Fujun;GUAN Xiaodong;TANG Zunfeng;WU Hao(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Modern Agricultural Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期138-147,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701905)。
关键词
鲜食玉米
果穗收获
负压除杂
轴流风机
fresh corn
grain harvest
negative pressure impurity removal
axial fan
