摘要
抗菌剂是对微生物施加细胞毒性或细胞抑制作用的物质,抗菌剂中最有名的当属抗生素,因为它拯救了成千上万的生命。从此,抗生素被广泛使用,迄今已发现15大类。为了人畜健康而大量使用抗生素,促进了菌群的选择性压力,从而形成抗生素耐药性(antimicrobials resistance,AMR),使药物无法有效抑制细菌的生长。抗生素耐药性已成为威胁公众健康的主要因素。抗生素的滥用导致重耐药菌种类不断增加,导致每年70万人死亡,目前还未找到抗击这些耐药菌感染的方法。到2050年,这一数字或高达千万。畜禽生产体系从粗放型转向集约型,不仅机械化程度提高,基因的改良、畜禽的管理方式更加集约化,而且也增加了药物的使用。事实上,尽管抗生素最初被用来治疗患病畜禽及维持畜禽健康,如今已被广泛用作生长促进剂,以改善饲料转化率并提高畜禽的生长速度。近年来,终端消费者对更加天然、健康的产品拥有期待。他们更倾向动物保护福利和环保的产品,并越来越关注抗生素耐药性的问题。因此,对无抗生素产品的需求预计将在未来几年有所增加,特别是发达国家,而且也有小部分发展中国家对此也有所需求。畜禽饲养行业所面临的这种压力迫使其供应链努力做出调整并适应这种需求,寻找可以减少使用抗生素的解决方案。
Antimicrobials,the most famous of which is antibiotic,are substances who exert cytotoxic or cytostatic effects on micro-organisms.The most famous antibiotic have saved thousands of lives.From that time,antibiotics have been largely used and 15 families have been discovered so far.The intensive use of antibiotic for both human and animal health conducted to selection pressure on bacteria population leading to the apparition of antimicrobials resistance(AMR)meaning that drug cannot inhibit the bacterial growth effectively.Antimicrobial resistance has become a major threat on public health.Multi-drug resistant bacteria are increasing and results in 700000 death per year as there is no solution existing to fight these infections.This number could reach 10 million in 2050.As animal production system shifted from extensive to intensive system meaning higher mechanization,improved genetic,more concentrated animals but also increase of drugs use.Indeed,if antibiotics were firstly used for the treatment of sick animals and protection of healthy animals they have been widely used as growth promoters to decrease feed gain ratio and increase animal growth rates.Nowadays,final consumers are expecting more natural and healthier products.They are more inclined towards animal welfare and environmentally friendly products and are more and more aware of AMR issues.In consequence,antibiotic free products demand is expected to raise in the coming years especially in the developed countries but also in a lesser extent to developing countries.This pressure on the animal sector obliges the chain to adapt and find solutions to reduce their antibiotic use.
作者
黄强
彭玉麟
栾超
Huang Qiang;Peng Yulin;Luan Chao
出处
《饲料工业》
北大核心
2020年第23期49-58,共10页
Feed Industry
关键词
抗生素
替代
营养
添加剂
健康
antibiotic
replacement
nutrition
feed additive
health
