摘要
《民法典》基于新一轮土地制度改革的成果,重构了农村土地权利体系。从归属意义上,《民法典》首先明确集体土地所有权的主体是“农民集体”,但由集体经济组织代表集体行使土地所有权,如未设立集体经济组织,则由村民委员会或者村民小组代表集体行使土地所有权;其次强调土地承包经营权和宅基地使用权的身份属性,体现保障目标。与此同时,为规范对农村土地的利用关系,增设土地经营权制度,以体现农用地“三权分置”改革的基本精神;规定集体建设用地使用权的法律适用,为建立健全城乡统一的建设用地市场提供法律支撑;明确宅基地使用权的取得、行使和转让,适用土地管理的法律和国家有关规定,为宅基地“三权分置”改革留下空间。
Based on the achievements made in the new round of land system reform,China's Civil Code has reconstructed the rural land rights system.In terms of ownership,China's Civil Code firstly makes it clear that the subject of the collective land ownership is“peasant collective”,but the collective economic organization exercises the land ownership on behalf of the peasant collective.If no collective economic organization is established,then the villagers committee or the villagers group exercises the land ownership on behalf of the peasant collective.Secondly,China's Civil Code emphasizes the identity attributes of the right to land contracted management and the right to homestead land use,embodying the goal of social security.At the same time,in order to regulate the relationship in the utilization of rural land,the right to land management is established in China's Civil Code,embodying the basic spirit of the reform of“the separation of three rights”to agricultural land.The legal application of the right to construction land use is stipulated to provide legal support for the establishment and improvement of a unified construction land market in urban and rural areas.And it is made clear that the acquisition,exercise and transfer of the right to homestead land use should apply the laws and relevant national regulations for land management,leaving room for the reform of“the separation of three rights”to homestead land use.
作者
高圣平
Gao Shengping(Civil and Commercial Legal Science Research Center,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期143-154,共12页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“农村集体产权制度改革的法治保障研究”(项目编号:19ZDA156)。
关键词
集体土地所有权
土地承包经营权
土地经营权
建设用地使用权
宅基地使用权
collective land ownership
right to land contracted management
right to land management
right to construction land use
right to homestead land use
