摘要
近年来,城市发展模式由资源消耗型转变为智慧生态型。人类活动对地下水环境不再仅带来“负效应”,更通过管网渗漏、人工补给、节水压采等途径逐渐突显出对地下水资源的“正效应”,因此,需要从“正负效应”综合分析城市化对地下水资源的影响。北京市大兴区具有城市发展模式转变的典型特征,以1996年、2006年、2016年为时间节点,分析该地区浅层水在城市发展过程中的时空变化特征。分析表明大兴区城市化扩张明显,建设用地的面积占比由1996年的19.80%增长至2016年的53.61%,而水位变幅小于0.3 m的区域面积从1996年的5.17 km^(2)增长至2016年507.99 km^(2),与建设用地的范围高度重合。不透水面空间的连续性和集中性,更易阻碍雨季降水对地下水的补给,致使水位变幅减弱。随降水量的增加和再生水的推广利用,浅层水位得到控制并回升,局部范围甚至改变了原有的地下水流场状态。2006—2016年浅层地下水储量增加约0.72亿m3,灌溉区和永定河沿岸的增加量占其中的83.33%。人工补给已经是除自然降水外不可忽视的地下水补给方式,并使人为活动产生的“正效应”在对地下水资源的影响中发挥主导作用。
In the recent 20 years,the urban development model has changed from that of resources consumption to intelligent ecology.Human activities no longer only bring“negative effects”to the groundwater environment,but also“positive effects”through pipeline systems leakage,artificial recharge,water saving measures,groundwater exploitation control and so on.Therefore,it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the impact of urbanization on groundwater resources balancing the“positive and negative effects”.Daxing District in Beijing has experienced the typical transformations of urban development models.This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of shallow water in the process of urban development in Daxing District,based on the data in 1996,2006 and 2016.The analysis shows that the urbanization of Daxing District is obviously expanding,the area proportion of construction land increased from 19.80%in 1996 to 53.61%in 2016,while the area with water level variation of less than 0.3 m increased from 5.17 km2 in 1996 to 507.99 km2 in 2016,which is highly coincident with the scope of construction land.The continuity and concentration of the impervious space are more likely to hinder the recharge of groundwater by precipitation in the rainy season,resulting in the weakening of water level variation.With the increase of precipitation and the popularization of reclaimed water in more towns,the shallow water level is under-control and rises again and in some areas,and changes even occur to the original state of groundwater flow fields.Shallow water storage increased about 72 million m3 from 2006 to 2016,in which 83.33%was contributed by the increase in irrigation zones and along the Yongding River.In addition to natural precipitation,the groundwater recharge through human activities is a way that cannot be ignored,and the“positive effect”produced by human activities plays a leading role in the impact on groundwater resources.
作者
崔一娇
杜旋
孙赵爽
尚子琦
王树芳
CUI Yijiao;DU Xuan;SUN Zhaoshuang;SHANG Ziqi;WANG Shufang(Beijing Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology(Beijing Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring),Beijing 100195)
出处
《城市地质》
2021年第1期9-17,共9页
Urban Geology
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41831283)
北京市科技计划课题(Z141100003614060)
国家地下水监测工程(发改投资[2014]1660号)。
关键词
城市发展模式
地下水补给
土地利用
再生水灌溉
地下水动态特征
urban development model
groundwater recharge
land use/land cover
reclaimed water irrigation
dynamic characteristics of groundwater
