摘要
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)(Gutcare■,DSM32315)按0.00%(对照组)、0.10%、0.20%和0.40%的浓度添加到饲料中,投喂杂交鲟(西伯利亚鲟Acipenser baerii♀×施氏鲟A.schrenckii♂)90 d,通过观察其对杂交鲟幼鱼生长性能、血液理化指标和肠道微生物菌群等的影响,来评估枯草芽孢杆菌的应用效果。研究结果显示,投喂率及饵料系数随枯草芽孢杆菌的添加而呈现先降低后升高的趋势,但均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中0.20%添加组达最低值。饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可以增加血清葡萄糖含量,且0.10%添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肠道微生物物种组成分析显示,在属水平上,各试验组中,鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)为优势菌群,随着枯草芽孢杆菌添加量的增加,鲸杆菌属含量下降,并在0.40%添加组比例最低(74.29%);而邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)含量升高,当枯草芽孢杆菌添加量达到0.40%时,邻单胞菌属含量最高达23.64%;饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可以降低链球菌属(Streptococcus)、乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus)及乳球菌属(Lactococcus)的丰度。结果表明,在一定范围内枯草芽孢杆菌投喂杂交鲟后,可显著降低饵料系数,增强鱼体对血糖和脂肪的利用和转化能力,同时在一定程度上改善肠道的微生态环境。综上,推荐鲟鱼养殖过程中枯草芽孢杆菌在饲料中的添加剂量为0.10%~0.20%。
China is the world’s largest sturgeon farming country.In recent years,the disease of sturgeon has been frequent,which has a serious impact on sturgeon farming industry.The sturgeon disease mainly occurrs in juvenile stages,especially the juvenile opening stage and the juvenile feeding stage,which are two sensitive stages in the breeding of sturgeon seedlings and it often results in massive death.How to improve the survival rate of sturgeon fry has become an important problem restricting the development of sturgeon industry.The effect of Bacillus in promoting the healthy growth of cultured animals is mainly reflected in three aspects:promoting the digestion and absorption of animal nutrients,regulating the micro-ecological balance of animal digestive tract,and enhancing the immunity and disease resistance of animals.Therefore,probiotics have attracted more and more attention as an effective feed additive and disease control substance.However,there are few reports on probiotics in sturgeon farming.In this study,the commercialized Bacillus subtilis with concentrations of 0.00%(control),0.10%,0.20%and 0.40%were added to the feed of juvenile hybrid sturgeon(Acipenser baeri♀×A.schrenkii♂)for 90 days,with breeding time from August 23rd,2018 to November 23rd,2018.The application effect of B.subtilis were evaluated by observing growth performance,blood biochemical indices and the intestinal microbial flora of juvenile hybrid sturgeon.The results showed that the feeding rate and feed coefficient first decreased and then increased with the addition of B.subtilis but all significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the addition of 0.22%into the feed could improve the feed utilization for sturgeon.Compared with the control group,the addition of B.subtilis to feed increased the serum glucose content,and the its content in 0.10%addition group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The analysis of intestinal microbial species composition among four groups showed that at genus level,Cetobacterium was the dominant bacterium in each experimental group.With the increase of the amount of B.subtilis,the content of Cetobacterium decreased,and the lowest proportion(74.29%)was obtained in the 0.40%group.While the content of Plesiomonas increased.When the amount of B.subtilis reached 0.40%,the content of Plesiomonas reached the highest 23.64%.Adding B.subtilis to feed can reduce the abundance of Streptococcus,Lactobacillus and Lactococcus.In conclusion,feeding different doses of commercial B.subtilis to hybrid sturgeon can significantly reduce the feeding coefficient,enhance the fish body’s ability to use blood sugar and fat and improve the intestinal microecological environment to a certain extent.The recommended dosage of B.subtilis(Gutcarea,DSM32315)in sturgeon feed is 0.10%-0.20%.
作者
张书环
吴金平
褚志鹏
许巧情
何菊云
金佳利
陈细华
ZHANG Shuhuan;WU Jinping;CHU Zhipeng;XU Qiaoqing;HE Jyuyun;JIN Jiali;CHEN Xihua(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;Sturgeon Healthy Breeding and Medicinal Value Research Center,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025,China;School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou Hubei 434025, China;Evonik Degussa (China) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou Branch,Guangzhou 510600,China)
出处
《海洋渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期71-80,共10页
Marine Fisheries
基金
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-46)。
关键词
枯草芽孢杆菌
益生菌
杂交鲟
饵料系数
肠道微生物
Bacillus subtilis
probiotics
hybrid sturgeon
feed coefficients
intestinal microorganism
