摘要
环境问题的发展客观上导致了环境法律责任理论和实践对惩罚的过分倚重,当前,环境民事责任、行政责任和刑事责任都有明显加重惩罚的倾向。但是,重罚思路并未取得预期的环境保护效果,在理论上也缺乏逻辑基础且背离主流导向,需要及时矫正以避免制度失败和导致社会不公。应当全面认识法律责任的惩罚、补偿和预防功能,承认惩罚性责任在环境法律实施中的基础性作用,同时认清其局限性;准确认识补偿性责任在环境法中的实现方式和作用空间,以及预防性环境法律责任的有限性及必要性。进而,以环境保护秩序维护和环境利益保护为目标,充分发挥不同法律责任方式的功能、合理配置法律责任规则,在明确分工的基础上建立环境法律责任之间的有机联系,方可形成功能协调的环境法律责任体系保障环境法的实施。
The development of environmental matters has objectively led to excessive reliance on punishment in the theory and practice of environmental legal responsibility.Environmental civil responsibility,administrative responsibility,and criminal responsibility all tend to increase punishment.However,the severe punishment practice has not achieved the expected environmental protection effect,and it lacks theoretical and logical basis and deviates from the mainstream orientation.It is necessary to correct severe punishment to avoid system failure and consequent social injustice.We should fully understand the punishment,compensation,and prevention functions of legal responsibility,and recognize the fundamental role and limitations of punishment in the implementation of environmental laws.Moreover,compensatory responsibility has its realization method and space in environmental law,and preventive environmental legal responsibility can play a certain function.Furthermore,it is possible to form a functionally coordinated environmental legal responsibility system to ensure the implementation of environmental law.This requires establishing the goal of maintaining the order of environmental protection and protecting the environmental interests,using the different functions of legal responsibility,rationally configuring the rules of legal responsibility,and establishing an organic connection between environmental legal responsibilities on the basis of clarifying the different functions.
作者
刘长兴
LIU Chang-xing(Law School,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,510006,China)
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期186-198,共13页
Modern Law Science
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“环境法律责任的功能协调与体系重构研究”(18BFX174)。
关键词
环境法律责任
惩罚性
补偿性
预防性
体系化
environmental legal responsibility
punishment nature
compensatory nature
prevention nature
systemize
