摘要
中国已建各类水库近10万座,水库建设改变了原河流水动力条件,影响了水体物质场、能量场、化学场和生物场,究竟是“削减了水体净化功能”还是“强化了水体去污能力”目前尚不明确。本文系统总结了开放水体脱氮过程研究进展,主要包括:(1)厌氧反硝化(Denitrification)、厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation)、好氧反硝化(Aerobic denitrification)和厌氧甲烷氧化(Anaerobic methane oxidation)等是目前开放水体脱氮的4个典型过程;(2)潜流带、沉积物、溶解氧极小层及悬浮颗粒等是开放水体脱氮的主要发生区域;(3)溶解氧、碳氮比、硝酸盐浓度、温度、pH值是影响开放水体脱氮效率的直接因素。建议通过开展“出入库氮形态持续观测及氮负荷平衡计算”、“水库不同载体脱氮机制原位研究方法构建”、“水库脱氮机制及氮移出通量研究”和“自然河流与水库脱氮效率对比研究”等方面的研究来回答“水库强化水体脱氮能力”这一科学假设,以期为发掘水库的脱氮除污功能、深入认识水库的生态环境影响提供一个新的研究思路。
In China,nearly 100,000 reservoirs of various types have been built,which changed the origi⁃nal hydrodynamic and biogeochemical conditions of rivers,affecting the material,energy,chemical and bio⁃logical fields of water bodies.However,it is still unclear whether the reservoirs reduce water purification function or strengthen the water decontamination capacity.In this study,some researches on nitrogen remov⁃al in natural open water areas were summarized and found that(1)Anaerobic denitrification,anaerobic am⁃monium oxidation,aerobic denitrification and anaerobic methane oxidation are four typical processes of deni⁃trification of open water body;(2)nitrogen removal could happen mainly in some anaerobic areas,such as hyporheic zone,sediment layer,oxygen minimum zone and suspended particle;and(3)dissolved oxy⁃gen(DO),carbon-nitrogen ratio(C/N),nitrate concentration(NO-3),temperature and pH are the direct factors affecting the efficiency of denitrification in open water.Based on those above,four suggestions were given in this paper for further researches on the effects of reservoirs on nitrogen removal,which contained continuous monitoring of different nitrogen formation and calculation of nitrogen load balance,the in-situ methodology on denitrification mechanism of different carriers in reservoirs,and the denitrification mecha⁃nism and nitrogen removal flux in reservoirs and comparative research on the nitrogen removal efficiency be⁃tween natural rivers and reservoirs.
作者
杨正健
魏辰宇
刘德富
纪道斌
马骏
王从锋
YANG Zhengjian;WEI Chenyu;LIU Defu;JI Daobin;MA Jun;WANG Congfeng(Hubei Observation and Research Station of Three Gorges Reservoir Ecosystem,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of River-lakes and Algal Utilization,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China)
出处
《水利学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期194-202,214,共10页
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51879099,91647207,52079075,U2040220,52079069,51779128)。
关键词
脱氮
潜流带
沉积物
溶解氧极小层
悬浮颗粒
水库
nitrogen removal
hyporheic zone
sediment layer
oxygen minimum zone
suspended particle
reservoir
