摘要
油菜直播方式在长江中下游得到广泛运用,为因地制宜地制定高产稳产栽培措施,探究不同环境条件下种植密度和施肥量对直播油菜产量、产量构成及品质的影响,选取江西宜春、湖北荆州、安徽六安3个试验点,以中双11号、中油杂12号为材料,设置3个密度(1.3×10^(5)·hm^(-2)、2.6×10^(5)·hm^(-2)、5.2×10^(5)·hm^(-2)和2个施氮水平(N1 90 kg·hm^(-2);N2 180 kg·hm^(-2))。试验结果表明:适当增密油菜产量显著增加,高密比低密平均增产25.6%,比中密平均增产10.8%。与N2相比,N1条件下3个试点油菜产量分别降低25.9%、36.9%和28.9%。油菜产量均通过单位面积分枝数、单位面积主枝数和分枝角果数的提高实现增产,且单位面积分枝数与单位面积主枝角果数和单位面积分枝角果数均呈极显著正相关关系。改变密度(或者增密至5.2×10^(5)·hm^(-2))对油菜籽粒含油量、芥酸、硫苷和粗蛋白含量没有显著影响,适当减施氮肥(如在低氮的荆州和六安)能增加含油量、硫苷,减少粗蛋白。不同环境条件与栽培措施下植株性状的综合得分差异显著,油菜植株性状综合评价指标为:地上部干物质重>单位面积角果数>分枝数>千粒重>主枝有效长>每角果粒数>含油量。
For stable and high yield of rapeseed in the Yangzi River area, yiled and quality of direct-seeding rapeseed were evaluated on the effects of density, nitrogen application and varieties in 3 different environments.Field experiments were conducted with 2 varieties(Brassica napus cv Zhongshuang 11 and Zhongyouza 12) under 2 nitrogen applications(90 and 180 kg/hm^(2)) and 3 planting densities(1.3×10^(5), 2.6×10^(5), 5.2×10^(5) plants per hectare) in3 sites(Yichun, Jingzhou and Lu’an). Results showed that rapeseed yield had significant increase with density. The yield of high density(5.2×10^(5 )plants per hectare) was 25.6% higher than that of low density, and 10.8% higher than that of medium density. Meanwhile, high density significantly increased branch numbers per unit area, and showed significant positive correlation with silique number from both main and branch recemes. Compared with N2(180 kg/hm^(2)), yield of N1(90 kg/hm^(2)) was reduced by 25.9%,36.9% and 28.9% in 3 sites, respectively. The high density had no significant effect on seed quality, while decrease of nitrogen fertilizer increased oil content and glucosinolate at Jingzhou, but reduced protein at Jingzhou and Lu’an. Comprehensive score showed extremely differences among the environments and cultivation conditions. Order of the investigated traits were followed by their comprehensive scores from high to low: aboveground dry biomass, effective siliques per unit area, branches, 1000-seeds weight, effective length of main raceme, seeds per silique, and oil content.
作者
李心昊
李俊
刘丽欣
王方
郝睿
王天尧
张春雷
马霓
LI Xin-hao;LI Jun;LIU Li-xin;WANG Fang;HAO Rui;WANG Tian-yao;ZHANG Chun-lei;MA Ni(Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China;Yichun Insitute of Agricultural Sciences,Yichun 336000,China;Lu’an Insitute of Agricultural Sciences,Lu’an 237000,China;Jingzhou Insitute of Agricultural Sciences,Jingzhou 434000,China)
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期251-259,共9页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAASASTIP-2016-OCRI)
国家自然科学基金(31971855)
国家自然科学基金(31771735)。
关键词
直播油菜
积温
密度
氮肥
农艺性状
产量
品质
综合得分
direct-seeding rapeseed
accumulated temperature
density
nitrogen application
agronomic trait
yield
quality
comprehensive score
