摘要
研究和确定流域生态基流及天然植被需水量是为了遏制因河道断流或流量减少而造成的生态环境退化,以确保流域生态系统健康发展。根据孔雀河流域植被类型分布及多年径流状况,将河道分为A、B两部分,A段为孔雀河上游塔什店至第三分水枢纽常年未断流河道;B段为第三分水枢纽以下天然植被主要分布区。基于塔什店水文站近50 a水文数据,结合Tennant法等4种方法对A段河道生态基流进行估算;选择潜水蒸发法、定额法对B段距河道1 km辐射范围内的天然植被需水量进行计算。结果表明:Tennant法估算的年均生态基流为9.13 m^(3)·s^(-1),对应基本生态水量为2.88×10^(8) m^(3)·a^(-1),满足A段河道2000—2018年多年平均河损,且近10 a(2009—2018年)塔什店实测年均流量均可满足此生态基流标准;B段河道辐射范围内天然植被总面积为4.66×10^(4) hm^(2),生态需水量为0.95×10^(8) m^(3)·a^(-1),以孔雀河生态输水工程为例科学调控水资源,在满足A段基本生态基流的同时兼顾B段天然植被需水量。研究结果对实现孔雀河河道修复和不同水平年下生态供水具有一定的意义。
The Konqi River is in the lower reaches of the Bosten Lake Basin in Xinjiang,China,and its ecological environment is relatively fragile.Recently,water resources shortage,water ecological imbalance,and other issues have become increasingly prominent under the dual influence of human and natural factors.This paper studies the ecological baseflow and natural vegetation water requirement of the Konqi River Basin,which could provide a decision-making reference for planning and using the Konqi River resources to curb the ecological environmental degradation caused by river interruption or flow reduction.First,based on the distribution of vegetation types and annual runoff conditions in the Konqi River Basin,the river channel is divided into Parts A and B.Section A’s river channel has not been cut off all year round and reaches from the Tashidian Hydrological Station on the upper reaches of the Konqi River to the third water diversion project.Section B is the main distribution area of natural vegetation under the third water diversion project of the Konqi River.Second,based on the hydrological data of the Tashidian Hydrological Station of the Konqi River of the last 50 years,the ecological baseflow of Section A is estimated using the Tennant,annual classification,annual average value of the lowest monthly average flow,and 90%assurance rate methods.The phreatic water evaporation and quota methods are selected to calculate the water requirement of natural vegetation within the radiation range of Section B’s river channel.The results show that the annual average ecological baseflow estimated using the Tennant method is 9.13 m3·s^(−1),and the corresponding basic ecological water volume is 2.88×10^(8) m^(3)·a^(-1).These values can meet the river loss value of Section A from 2000 to 2018,and the actual annual average runoff from 2009 to 2018 can also meet the ecological baseflow standard.For calculating Section B’s natural vegetation water requirement using the change in groundwater levels around the river after ecological water transfer and analyzing field survey data,all natural vegetation within one kilometer from the river is defined as the main ecological protection area,with an area of 4.66×10^(4) hm^(2) and ecological water requirement of 0.95×10^(8) m^(3)·a^(-1).Finally,taking the ecological water conveyance project of the Konqi River as an example,the scientific regulation of water resources in the basin is conducted using the calculation results of ecological baseflow and vegetation water requirement,which has significance for realizing river channel restoration and ecological water supply in different level years.
作者
李肖杨
朱成刚
马玉其
王新友
王军政
陈亚宁
LI Xiaoyang;ZHU Chenggang;MA Yuqi;WANG Xinyou;WANG Junzheng;CHEN Yaning(State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Bayingolin Management Bureau of Xinjiang Tarim River Basin,Korla 841000,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期337-345,共9页
Arid Land Geography
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20100303)资助。
关键词
生态基流
生态需水
天然植被
水资源规划
孔雀河
ecological baseflow
ecological water requirement
natural vegetation
water resource
Konqi River
