摘要
为探究滴灌条件下地膜覆盖—耕作层—犁底层形成的夹心结构水盐运移及时空分布特征,采用土柱试验,设计耕作层深度为30 cm,设置入渗和蒸发条件下3个灌水量处理(SW1:2 L,SW2:3 L,SW3:5 L)和相同灌水量下3种土体构型处理(SW3:夹心结构;LW3:不覆膜有犁底层;CK:均质土壤).结果表明:入渗过程中,采用单因素方差法对单一耕作层和土柱整体土壤含水率进行对比分析,发现夹心结构下3个灌水量处理耕作层土壤剖面含水率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);夹心结构SW3处理和不覆膜有犁底层LW3处理之间差异不具有统计学意义,但与CK处理差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).夹心结构中水分入渗速率减缓,入渗时间延长,耕作层土壤含水率提高了22.52%~29.33%,盐分被淋洗至犁底层处,淋洗效果劣于均质土壤.蒸发过程中,夹心结构对土壤表层盐分抑制率最高达88.65%,水分抑制率达57.65%,夹心结构抑蒸和抑盐效果最优.该研究可为节水条件下改良和利用盐碱地,防止盐分表聚提供理论参考.
To explore the soil water-salt transport and temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of the sandwich structure formed by plastic film mulching,plough layer and plough pan under drip irrigation,the design depth of plough layer was set to 30 cm.Three irrigation treatments under infiltration and evaporation conditions(SW1:2 L;SW2:3 L;SW3:5 L)and three soil configuration treatments under the same irrigation volume(SW3:sandwich structure;LW3:no film mulching with plough pan;CK:homogeneous soil)were set.The results show that the soil water content of single plough layer and soil column was compared and analyzed by single factor variance method in the infiltration process.It is found that the soil profile moisture content of three irrigation treatments under sandwich structure has extremely significant difference(P<0.01);there is no significant difference between SW3 treatment and LW3 treatment without plastic film mulching,but there are significant differences between the two treatments and CK treatment(P<0.05).In the sandwich structure,the water infiltration rate is slowed down,the infiltration time is prolonged,and the soil moisture content in the plough layer increases by 22.52%-29.33%.The salt is leached to the plough pan,and the salt leaching effect is inferior to that of the homogeneous soil.In the evaporation process,the inhibition rate of the sandwich structure on soil surface salinity is as high as 88.65%,and the water inhibition rate is 57.65%.The sandwich structure has the optimal effect on inhibition of water and salt evaporation.The research provides a theoretical reference for improving and using saline alkali land and preventing salt accumulation under water-saving conditions.
作者
董倩倩
许忠宇
范文波
魏建涛
DONG Qianqian;XU Zhongyu;FAN Wenbo;WEI Jiantao(College of Water & Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000, China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China;College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China)
出处
《排灌机械工程学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期419-425,共7页
Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51569028)
中国工程院咨询研究项目(2018-XY-36-2)。
关键词
夹心结构
犁底层
水盐运移
入渗过程
蒸发过程
sandwich structure
plough bottom
soil water-salt transport
infiltration process
evaporation process
