摘要
中国装备制造企业正面临"高端回流"与"低端分流"的双重竞争压力,探究后发装备制造企业参与全球价值链转型升级路径有助于克服低端锁定效应。文中通过"是什么""为什么"和"怎么办"的递推逻辑,深挖路径设计契机。主要结论有:依据知识编码程度、生产复杂程度和低端节点发展潜力3个指标差异,将全球价值链分为市场型、模块型、关系型等5种类型;进一步核算知识编码等指数判识中国后发装备制造企业全球价值链主要参与类型为俘获型;并且后发者在参与全球价值链的各阶段中最容易在升级阶段被"俘获"。鉴于上述结论,本文提出了向具有高边际效益和高平衡关系的价值链转型以及链外升级两条"逃离"路径。
Chinese equipment manufacturers are facing the dual competition of"high-end reflow"and"low-end diversion".Exploring lagging enterprises′participation in the global value chain transformation and upgrading path will help overcome the low-end locking effect.Through the logic of"What?","Why?","How?"to dig deep into the path design opportunity.The results showed that:According to the differences of knowledge coding degree,production complexity and lagging enterprises development potential,global value chains are divided into market type,module type,relationship type and so on;From the knowledge coding index,the development potential index of lagging enterprises and the production complexity index to further judge that the main type of participation in the global value chain of Chinese lagging equipment manufacturing enterprises is capture type;Based on the actual situation of lagging enterprises participating in global value chains,our paper attempts to divide the process of enterprises participating in global value chains into four periods,the pre-association phase,the association phase,the upgrade phase,and the stable phase.The high-risk period when lagging equipment manufacturing enterprises are captured occurs in the upgrade phase because these enterprises at this stage cannot complete the transition to the high-end production node of global value chains are replaced by external homogeneous enterprises or"captured"by advanced enterprises at low-profit production nodes.In view of the above conclusions,our paper proposes two"escape"paths to the high marginal benefit,high equilibrium relationship value chain transformation and extra-chain upgrade.When lagging equipment manufacturing enterprises are"captured"by advanced partners at low value-added nodes in the upgrade stage,in addition to"brute force"upgrades,lagging enterprises also learn to be flexible and shift to a value chain with high marginal benefits and high decision-making power,for instance,from capture type to modular type,from capture type to relational type and from capture type to market type.Although the process of transformation and upgrading does not necessarily mean that lagging enterprises can achieve high-end growth and dominate the original production chain,it can help to lag to solve the situation of"sit and wait to die",and can find more development time and opportunities for a subsequent high-end upgrade.Otherwise,the captured enterprises have gone through the value chain upgrade stage but have not completed the high-end upgrade,in addition to continuing to maintain the original production chain,lagging enterprises can rely on their reserve knowledge,technology and human resources to expand other self-led value chains.In this way,the disadvantage of absolutely low value-added production is reversed into a situation where disadvantages and advantages coexist.Each"escape"path is supported by real cases,including Yutong Heavy Industries Co.,Ltd.,Triangle Group,Hisense Home Appliances and Foxconn.Each"escape"path is supported by real cases,including Yutong Heavy Industries Co.,Ltd.,Triangle Group,Hisense Appliances and Foxconn.The transformation and upgrading path designed in our paper correspond to these cases one by one,which further demonstrates the effectiveness of the research conclusions.Our study provides management enlightenment for China′s lagging equipment manufacturing enterprises and government.
作者
胡峰
袭讯
俞荣建
向荣
谢杰
张月月
Hu Feng;Xi Xun;Yu Rongjian;Xiang Rong;Xie Jie;Zhang Yueyue(School of Business Administration,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,Zhejiang,China;School of Economics,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,Zhejiang,China;Global Value Chain Research Center,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《科研管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期23-34,共12页
Science Research Management
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD124)
浙江省软科学研究计划重点项目(2021C25027)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(71773115,71973129,71972170,72074195,72072164,72072162)
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(19YJA790107,18YJA790088,18YJC630253)
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY17G030005,LQ18G030009,LY18G010002)。
关键词
后发装备制造企业
全球价值链
转型升级
“俘获型”价值链
lagging equipment manufacturing enterprise
global value chains
transformation and upgrading
"capture type"value chain
