摘要
压电材料是一种重要的功能材料,可以因机械变形产生电场,也可以因电场作用产生机械变形,这种固有的机-电耦合效应是其内部应力与极化密度分布不均匀造成的,从而实现了机械能和电能之间的相互转换。近年来压电材料发展迅速,已在电子技术、激光技术、超声技术、红外探测技术等方面获得应用。传统的压电材料如压电单晶体、多晶体压电陶瓷等,虽然有较高的压电性,但是仍存在以下问题:(1)材料脆性大;(2)材料所能产生的变形量较小;(3)部分材料中含有氧化铅,在制备、使用以及后续处理过程都可能对环境产生危害等。近年来,随着新材料和新工艺的不断开发及完善,作为一种新型压电材料,泡孔压电聚合物材料的出现为解决传统压电材料存在的问题提供了新的思路。在泡孔聚合物压电材料内部存在大量的泡孔,极化后,正负电荷分别排布在泡孔的上下内表面上,在外界应力场或电场的作用下,泡孔聚合物膜上下表面的感应电荷便会进行有序排列,进而表现出与传统压电材料一样的压电和铁电等行为。这种材料不但具有优良的压电性和柔顺性,而且制备工艺简单高效,因而引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文归纳了近年来泡孔聚合物压电材料的研究进展,分别对聚烯烃类、聚酯类、环烯共聚物类以及含氟类泡孔压电材料的制备方法、压电性以及热稳定性等方面进行了总结,并对各类材料所面临的问题及其未来的发展方向进行概述,以期为制备具有高压电系数以及良好热稳定性的泡孔聚合物压电材料提供参考。
Piezoelectric material is an important functional material,which can realize the mutual conversion between mechanical energy and electric energy.This inherent mechanical-electrical coupling effect is caused by the uneven distribution of its internal stress and polarization density.Piezoelectric materials have been developed rapidly in recent years,and has broad application prospects in the fields of electronic technology,laser technology,ultrasonic technology,and so on.Although traditional piezoelectric materials,such as piezoelectric monocrystal,polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramics,etc.have high piezoelectricity,they still have the following problems:(Ⅰ)this type of materials are too brittle;(Ⅱ)the deformation is too small;(Ⅲ)some materials contain lead oxide,which may be harmful to the environment during the preparation and subsequent processing.In recent years,with the continuous development of new materials and new processes,as a new type of piezoelectric material,the emergence of porous piezoelectric polymer materials provides a new way to solve the problems of traditional piezoelectric materials.There are a large number of cells inside the cell polymer piezoelectric material.By the polarization processing,positive and negative charges are respectively arranged on the upper and lower inner surfaces of the cells.Under the action of external stress field or electric field,the induced charges will be orderly arranged on the upper and lower inner surface of cells,and then they will exhibit the same piezoelectric and ferroelectric behaviors as traditional piezoelectric materials.As a novel type of piezoelectric material,it not only has excellent piezoelectricity and flexibility,but also its preparation process is simple and efficient,which has attracted wide attention of researchers.This review offers a retrospection of the research efforts with cellular piezoelectric polymer in recent years.The preparation methods,piezoelectricity and thermal stability of cellular piezoelectric polymers including polyolefins,polyesters,cycloolefin copolymers and fluoropolymers are respectively reviewed.The problems faced by these kinds of materials and their development trend are prospected,in order to provide reference for preparation of cellular piezoelectric polymer with better piezoelectricity and stability.
作者
马驰
王连慧
潘崇祥
刘紫婷
王娜
史颖
MA Chi;WANG Lianhui;PAN Congxiang;LIU Ziting;WANG Na;SHI Ying(School of Material Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,China;Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,China;School of Physical Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期7199-7204,共6页
Materials Reports
基金
辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”青年拔尖人才资助项目(XLYC1807007)
沈阳市中青年科技创新人才项目(RC200415)
辽宁省高等学校创新人才支持计划(LR2019054)。
关键词
压电聚合物
压电驻极体
微孔结构
压电性
piezoelectric polymer
piezoelectrets
cellular structure
piezoelectricity
