摘要
【目的】为进一步验证麻地膜覆盖栽培在瓜类作物上的应用效果,通过对比试验比较麻地膜覆盖栽培对网纹甜瓜生长微环境以及其生长发育的影响,为麻地膜在设施栽培中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以网纹甜瓜“鲁厚甜1号”为试材,采用单因素随机区组设计方法,研究3种覆盖栽培方法对日光温室网纹甜瓜生长发育以及设施内土壤环境的影响。【结果】与无地膜覆盖栽培处理(CK)相比,麻地膜(MDM)和PE农用薄膜(PEBM)覆盖栽培地温可提高3.3℃左右;MDM处理在一定程度上可以提高土壤含水量,且与PEBM处理没有明显差别。生育期观察发现,MDM、PEBM处理网纹甜瓜植株的授粉日期比CK分别提前了3、4 d,果实采收日期均提前了10 d;与对照相比,MDM和PEBM处理单果重分别提高18.4%和14.7%;MDM处理下增产效果较PEBM处理显著,小区产量和单位面积产量均较PEBM处理提高了3%左右;与CK处理相比,MDM和PEBM处理果实可溶性糖含量分别提高10.7%和9.9%。网纹甜瓜采收结束后,对土壤养分含量进行测定,结果表明,同CK相比,MDM、PEBM处理下土壤速效氮分别下降13.0、9.0 mg·kg^(-1),土壤速效磷分别下降17.0、9.0 mg·kg^(-1),土壤速效钾分别下降33.0、24.0 mg·kg^(-1),但各处理间土壤全效养分含量变化不显著。MDM处理对土壤内微生物的数量有较大影响,其中细菌和真菌的数量增长量最大,分别比CK高101.60%和70.66%,放线菌数量表现出微弱的增长,比CK高23.24%。【结论】研究结果证实麻地膜覆盖栽培适用于设施网纹甜瓜无公害栽培。
【Objective】Effects of mulching with a degradable hemp film on the melon development and quality as well as the soil properties in greenhouse cultivation of cantaloupes were studied.【Methods】A mulching film made of hemp fibers(MDM)along with a conventional PE film(PEBM)and without covering as control(CK)was applied on the cultivation bed of Luhoutian No.1 cantaloupe in a solar greenhouse.Growth and development of the melons and soil conditions were monitored under a single factor random block design experiment.【Results】Compared with CK,MDM and PEBM mulching increased the soil internal temperature by approximately 3.3℃.Both films increased the moisture content of the soil in a similar manner as well.As for the growth and development of the plants,MDM shortened the pollination time by 3d,while PEBM by 4d;and,both films truncated the fruit maturity for harvest by 10 d.Mulching with MDM produced 18.4%higher individual fruit weight,and 14.7%with PEBM;whereas,both films increased 3%on fruit yield per plot and per unit area with significant differences.The soluble sugar content of the melons under the MDM treatment was 10.7%higher;and,9.9%higher under PEBM.After harvest,the soil mulched with MDM and PEBM decreased,respectively,13.0 mg·kg^(-1)and 9.0 mg·kg^(-1)on available nitrogen,17.0 mg·kg^(-1)and 9.0 mg·kg^(-1)on available phosphorus,and 33.0 mg·kg^(-1)and 24.0 mg·kg^(-1)on available potassium.However,no significant differences were observed among the treatments on total nitrogen or potassium contents.MDM mulching also impacted significantly on the microbial population in the soil.The bacterial and fungal counts were 101.60%and 70.66%,respectively,higher,while the actinomycetes 23.24%higher than CK.【Conclusion】It appeared that the degradable hemp film was a desirable environment-friendly mulching material for cantaloupe farming.
作者
田航飞
宋晓勇
韩冰
徐雯琦
陈晓峰
TIAN Hangfei;SONG Xiaoyong;HAN Bing;XU Wenqi;CHEN Xiaofeng(Yantai Research Institute of China Agricultural University,Shandong Yantai 264670)
出处
《福建农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期290-295,共6页
Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
中国农业大学烟台研究院科研项目(YT201905)
山东省烟台市重点研发计划项目(2016ZH076)
中国农业大学本科生URP项目(U20202001)。
关键词
麻地膜
网纹甜瓜
产量品质
土壤理化性状
degradable hemp mulching film
yield and quality
cantaloupe
physiochemical properties of soil
