摘要
为构建滨海盐碱障碍耕地适宜的培肥改土增产技术体系提供理论依据,以芦苇秸秆、有机肥和生物有机肥作为生物有机物料,采取L9(3~3)正交试验设计与主成分-隶属评判相结合的方法,探究了不同生物有机物料配施对盐碱障碍耕地的土壤性质调理与作物增产的效应。结果表明:不同有机物料对土壤性质治理的作用不同,其中,芦苇秸秆在脱盐、降低pH值、提升碱解氮含量方面起关键作用,有机肥在提高土壤有机质和速效磷含量方面起关键作用,生物有机肥在提高土壤脲酶活性和玉米产量方面起关键作用。明确土壤含盐量、有机质含量和脲酶活性是影响土壤性质和作物产量的主要指标,以土壤降盐提质、玉米增产为目标,采用正交优化设计与综合评判分析相结合,优选出综合效果较好的物料配比为芦苇秸秆45 m^(3)/hm^(2)、有机肥105 m^(3)/hm^(2)、生物有机肥1500 kg/hm^(2),该处理与原土相比,土壤含盐量降低57.14%,有机质含量提升2.18倍,土壤酶活性提高1.85倍,产量较当地常规产量水平提高61.19%。滨海区盐碱障碍农作区应当重视生物有机肥、有机肥和秸秆还田的应用,在降低土壤含盐量、培肥地力的基础上提高作物产量,实现区域土壤资源的可持续利用。本研究可为滨海盐碱障碍耕地的可持续利用提供一定理论与技术参考。
In order to provide a theoretical basis for constructing a suitable technology system for improving soil fertility and increasing yield of coastal saline alkali obstacle farmland,using reed straw,organic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer as the biological organic materials,the effects of different combined application of biological organic materials on soil properties and crop yield of saline alkali obstacle farmland were studied by L9(3~3)orthogonal experimental design and principal component subordinate evaluation.The results showed that the effects of different organic materials on soil properties were different.Among them,reed straw played a key role in desalination,reducing pH value and increasing alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content,organic fertilizer played a key role in improving soil organic matter and available phosphorus contents,and biological organic fertilizer played a key role in improving soil urease activity and maize yield.It was clear that soil salt content,organic content matter and urease activity were the main indexes affecting soil properties and crop yield.Aiming at reducing soil salt content and improving soil quality and increasing maize yield,the orthogonal optimization design and comprehensive evaluation analysis were used to optimize the material ratio with better comprehensive effect,which was reed straw 45 m^(3)/hm^(2),organic fertilizer 105 m^(3)/hm^(2) and biological organic fertilizer 1500 kg/hm^(2).Compared with the original soil,the soil salt content decreased by 57.14%,the organic matter content increased 2.18 fold,the soil enzyme activity increased 1.85 fold,and the yield increased by 61.19%.In order to achieve sustainable utilization of regional soil resources,it is necessary to pay attention to the application of biological organic fertilizer,organic fertilizer and straw returning in coastal saline alkali obstacle farmland,improve crop yield on the basis of reducing soil salt content and improving soil fertility.This study can provide a theoretical and technical reference for the sustainable use of coastal saline alkali obstacle farmland.
作者
张晓东
鲁雪林
吴哲
王秀萍
刘广明
陶树明
刘雅辉
韩建均
ZHANG Xiao-dong;LU Xue-lin;WU Zhe;WANG Xiu-ping;LIU Guang-ming;TAO Shu-ming;LIU Ya-hui;HAN Jian-jun(Institute of Coast Agriculture,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Tangshan 063200,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Beijing Zhonggengluzhou Ecotech Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100070,China;Beijing Bennong Technology Development Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100176,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2021年第2期53-60,共8页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
河北省科技计划项目(152776122D)
河北省农林科学院创新工程项目(2019-1-6)。
关键词
盐碱土壤
生物有机物料
秸秆还田
施肥管理
地力提升
玉米
产量
Saline-alkaline land
Biological organic material
Straw returning
Fertilizer management
Improvement of soil fertility
Maize
Yield
