摘要
昆虫组成及分布与环境密切相关,探究入侵植物群落中的昆虫丰富度及昆虫物种沿异质性环境梯度的分布规律,可为阐明入侵生态系统的物种共存机制和入侵植物防治提供依据。通过在中国南方5省(21°N—31°N)空心莲子草入侵的区域各设置25个水、陆样地,采用回归分析和典范对应分析(CCA)探讨了群落中昆虫丰富度及其分布与入侵植物群落特征(种群形态、α-物种多样性指数)和生境因子(经度、纬度、海拔、气温、降雨量、氨态氮和硝态氮)的关系。结果显示,(1)50个样地共记录昆虫25种,隶属于9目25科25属,鞘翅目和双翅目昆虫的物种丰富度较高,种群密度较大的昆虫依次为莲草直胸跳甲、东亚飞蝗和淡胸藜龟甲。(2)回归分析表明,水生昆虫丰富度随纬度、年均气温和海拔增加均呈明显的“先上升—后下降”单峰趋势;陆生昆虫丰富度随土壤硝态氮增加呈显著的线性上升趋势、随Pielou均匀度指数增加呈显著的线性下降趋势、随Patrick丰富度指数增加呈明显的“上升—下降—上升”波动趋势。(3)CCA表明,陆生昆虫分布的主导性环境因子为年均降雨量、经度和氨态氮,而水生昆虫分布的主导性环境因子为纬度和年均气温。(4)CCA排序图中,陆生样地的昆虫趋向分布于中等植物多样性水平区域,而水生样地的昆虫趋向分布于中等空心莲子草株高区域。该研究表明,异质性生境中空心莲子草入侵群落的昆虫分布及其驱动力存在明显差异,全球环境变化下应更加重视对该入侵生态系统的监测及生防昆虫资源筛选。
The composition and distribution of insects are closely associated to the environment,exploring the insect richness in invasive plant communities and their distributions along heterogeneous environment gradients could provide the basis for elucidating species coexistence mechanism and preventing alien plants in invaded ecosystems.Here,we had separately set 25 aquatic and terrestrial sampling plots in five provinces of Southern China(21°N‒31°N)where were massively invaded by the alien alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides,and used the methods of regression analysis and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)to study the relationships among richness and distribution of insects,the invaded plant communities characteristics(population morphology,α-species diversity index)and environmental factors(longitude,latitude,altitude,temperature,rainfall,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen).The results showed that:(1)25 insect species were totally recorded in these 50 plots,which belonging to 25 genera,25 families and 9 orders.Coleoptera and Diptera had the higher species richness,and the insect species which had higher population density were Agasicles hygrophila,Locusta migratoria and Cassida pallidicollis.(2)Regression analysis suggested that the aquatic insect richness had significant binomial‘first increased-then decreased’trend with the increasing latitude,temperature and elevation;whereas the terrestrial insect richness had significant linear increased and decreased trend with increasing soil nitrate nitrogen and Pielou evenness index,respectively,and a significant trinomial trend of‘up-down-up’with increasing Patrick richness index.(3)CCA showed that the dominant environmental factors of terrestrial insect distributions were annual rainfall,longitude and ammonia nitrogen,whereas in aquatic habitats these factors were latitude and annual temperature.And(4)in CCA ordination sort,insects in terrestrial plots tended to distribute in areas with medium plant diversity,whereas insects in aquatic plots tended to distribute in areas with medium A.philoxeroides height.These findings indicated that there were significant differences of insect distributions and their driving forces between aquatic and terrestrial A.philoxeroides invaded communities,and more attentions should be paid to monitoring invaded ecosystems and screening biological control insect resources under the global environmental changes.
作者
吴昊
王明霞
李迎港
WU Hao;WANG Mingxia;LI Yinggang(College of Life Sciences,Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang 464000,China;Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan430074,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期726-735,共10页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31800460)
信阳师范学院“南湖学者奖励计划”青年项目(2018B051)。
关键词
空心莲子草
昆虫
生物入侵
环境
物种多样性
典范对应分析
Alternanthera philoxeroides
insect
biological invasions
environment
species diversity
CCA
