摘要
农民合作社作为农村产业发展重要载体,面临着高度依赖政府推动而缺乏内生动力的现实困境,激励约束机制为探析这一困境提供了有益视角。通过对贵州省贫困县三个典型农民合作社微观案例剖析,发现农民合作社中多元主体间存在着多重委托代理关系,同一主体在“委代”双重角色下行为动机不同,并且面临不同激励约束困境,如地方政府强激励硬约束、龙头企业强激励软约束、能人大户强激励硬约束、村支“两委”弱激励硬约束、贫困户弱激励软约束。为此,进一步从起步筹备与初步发展两个阶段探析农民合作社的转型路径,提出处于起步筹备阶段的农民合作社可采取“合作社(龙头企业、能人、农户)+党小组”模式,该模式中合作社设不同部门管理不同主体,地方政府则以宏观角度调控产业发展,多元主体各司其职实现农村产业自身发展;将初步发展阶段农民合作社多元主体划分为内源型、外源型和内外混合型三类,倡导从绩效考核、利益分配、平等参与、资源分配和监督效力等方面优化不同主体间激励约束机制。
As an important carrier of rural industry development,farmers’cooperatives are faced with the realistic dilemma of relying highly on government promotion and lacking endogenous power,while the incentive-and-constraint mechanism provides a useful perspective for analyzing this dilemma.Through an analysis of three typical farmers’cooperatives in poor counties of Guizhou Province,it is found that there are multiple principal-agent relationships among multiple participants in farmers’cooperatives.Under the dual roles of“appointed representative”,the same subject has different motivations and faces different incentive and constraint dilemmas,such as strong incentive and hard constraint of local government,strong incentive and soft constraint of leading enterprises,strong incentive and hard constraint of capable people,weak incentive and hard constraint of“two committees”of village branch and weak incentive and soft constraint of poor households.Therefore,this paper further analyzes the transformation path of farmers’cooperatives from the two stages of initial preparation and initial development,and puts forward that farmers’cooperatives in the initial preparation stage can adopt the mode of“cooperatives(leading enterprises,capable people,farmers)+Party group”.In this mode,the cooperatives set up different departments to manage different subjects,the local government regulates industrial development from a macro perspective,and the multiple subjects perform their duties to realize the self-development of rural industries.Furthermore,the farmers’cooperatives are divided into three types of endogenous,exogenous and mixed cooperatives.It advocates optimizing the incentive and constraint mechanism among different subjects in terms of performance evaluation,benefit distribution,equal participation,resource allocation and supervision effectiveness.
作者
陈永章
刘思静
邹利林
CHEN Yong-zhang;LIU Si-jing;ZOU Li-lin
出处
《华侨大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期81-91,共11页
Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)
基金
华侨大学高层次人才项目资助(19SKBS213)。
关键词
农民合作社
激励约束机制
地方政府
farmer cooperatives
incentive and constraint mechanism
local government
