摘要
进入21世纪,中国渔业得到了更加快速的发展,也取得了一些令人瞩目的成绩,极大地弥补了优质蛋白源短缺,为中国粮食安全提供了重要保障。但是,渔业是一个对能源和资源有较大依赖的行业,在快速发展的同时,也付出环境和能耗的代价,粗放的生产模式,给周围环境带来赤潮、水华等负面影响,渔船燃油生产性成本投入已超过捕捞总成本的2/3,这已经成为制约渔业可持续发展主要障碍。党的十八大报告提出大力推进生态文明建设,为渔业的发展指明了方向。本文重点介绍了国内外水产养殖、水产捕捞、水产品加工领域的节能减排发展情况。与国外渔业发达国家相比,国内在渔业这3个领域的节能减排研究应用起步较晚、基础较弱,但发展较快、成果较好,节能减排的动力和潜力也较大。同时,对今后的发展提出了建议:一是积极采取措施,促进生产方式向节能减排方向转变;二是加强基础性、关键性技术研究,推进传统生产方式转型升级;三是加强新产品、新技术的示范推广,建立引领性水产高效生产新模式。本研究以期为渔业转型升级,走节能减排绿色可持续发展之路提供参考。
In the new century,China’s fishery has developed more rapidly,and made a series of remarkable achievements,which greatly made up for the shortage of high-quality protein sources and provided an important guarantee for China’s food security.However,fishery is an industry relatively highly depending on energy and resources.With its rapid development,it also pays the price for environment and energy consumption.The extensive production mode brings red tide and water bloom to the surrounding environment.The production cost of fishing vessel fuel oil has exceeded 2/3 of the total fishing cost,becoming a major obstacle to the sustainable development of fishery.The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to vigorously promote ecological civilization and pointed out the development direction for fishery.This paper mainly introduces the development at home and abroad in energy conservation and emission reduction in aquaculture,fishing and fishing vessels and aquatic products processing.Compared with fishery developed countries,China started late with a weak foundation in the research and application of energy conservation and emission reduction technologies in those three areas of fishery,but the development is fast and effects good,thus is highly motivated with development potentials promising.The paper also puts forward suggestions for future development:firstly to take active measures to promote production mode transferring toward energy saving and emission reducing,secondly to strengthen fundamental key technical research and promote the upgrading of traditional production,strengthen the demonstration and extension of new products and technologies,and build up leading new production modes of high-efficiency.This study is expected to provide references for fishery’s transformation and upgrading towards energy saving,emission reducing,green and sustainable development.
作者
黄一心
鲍旭腾
孟菲良
巩沐歌
丁建乐
梁澄
周海燕
田昌凤
HUANG Yixin;BAO Xuteng;MENG Feiliang;GONG Muge;DING Jianle;LIANG Cheng;ZHOU Haiyan;TIAN Changfeng(Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 20092,China)
出处
《渔业现代化》
CSCD
2021年第3期10-17,共8页
Fishery Modernization
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金“大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-45)”
农业部渔政管理项目“渔业节能减排宣传与技术基础研究工作(2018LKY003)”。
关键词
渔业
水产养殖
水产捕捞
水产品加工
节能减排
发展
建议
fishery
aquaculture
capture fishery
aquatic products processing
energy conservation and emission reduction
development
suggestions
