摘要
【目的】西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)是我国重要农业入侵害虫,南方小花蝽(Orius similis)是其优势捕食性天敌。论文旨在系统评价南方小花蝽对西花蓟马的控制作用以及同一地区两个种群的生物学差异。【方法】采集露地辣椒上的南方小花蝽和西花蓟马在室内条件下饲养2—3代后,用带花的辣椒嫩梢饲喂西花蓟马,用西花蓟马2龄若虫饲喂南方小花蝽进行试验。采用两性种群生命表和特定年龄-阶段捕食率的研究方法,系统测定南方小花蝽和西花蓟马云南种群的生长发育、繁殖力、捕食率以及预测种群数量增长模型。【结果】南方小花蝽和西花蓟马的不同虫期之间均存在不同程度的发育阶段重叠现象,且两种昆虫的雌成虫存活率均高于雄成虫。南方小花蝽若虫共5个龄期,而西花蓟马为4个龄期,南方小花蝽具有更长的若虫历期和更短的成虫寿命,且各发育阶段的存活率均低于西花蓟马,尤其是雌成虫的存活率要明显低于西花蓟马。南方小花蝽由卵成功发育成为雌成虫和雄成虫的概率分别为32.67%和20.67%,西花蓟马分别为46.67%和16.67%,西花蓟马具有更高的雌性比例。南方小花蝽和西花蓟马的繁殖参数(f_(x))在整个繁殖期内具有高峰,分别在整个发育时间的22 d和16 d出现。南方小花蝽平均单雌产卵量为42.00粒,低于西花蓟马的平均产卵量59.86粒,其种群的净生殖率(R_(0))、总繁殖率(GRR)、内禀增长率(r)、周限增长率(λ)均低于西花蓟马,而平均世代周期(T)和种群加倍时间(DT)长于西花蓟马。种群预测结果显示经过90 d后西花蓟马的个体数量达南方小花蝽的9.66倍,其中雌成虫数达到17.15倍。南方小花蝽对西花蓟马2龄若虫的捕食率随龄期逐渐升高,其种群净捕食率(C_(0))为140.81,转化率(Q_(p))为9.05。南方小花蝽雌、雄成虫在整个发育阶段对西花蓟马2龄若虫的平均捕食量分别为159.67和86.00头。【结论】以西花蓟马为食物的南方小花蝽个体能较好地完成生活史且种群增长稳定;在相同条件下西花蓟马比南方小花蝽具有更强的种群增长潜力。南方小花蝽可作为西花蓟马生物防治的重要天敌,在利用过程中需要注意在西花蓟马暴发前10-20 d释放,并在西花蓟马持续暴发过程中连续释放可达到更好的控制效果。
【Objective】Frankliniella occidentalis is an important agricultural invasive pest,and Orius similis is the dominant predator species in China.The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the control effect of O.similis on F.occidentalis and the biological differences between this two species in the same area.【Method】O.similis and F.occidentalis were collected from open field Capsicum annuum,then reared by fresh shoots with flowers of C.annuum for 2-3 generations under indoor condition,and the 2 nd instar nymphs of F.occidentalis were feed to O.similis in the experiment.Growth,reproductive rate,predation rate were tested in Yunnan populations of O.similis and F.occidentalis using the two-sex life table and the age-stage-specific predation rate methods.【Result】The different insect periods of O.similis and F.occidentalis have different levels of overlap during their developmental stages,and the survival rate of female adults of both insect species was higher than that of male adults.O.similis nymph has 5 instars,while F.occidentalis has 4 instars.Compared with F.occidentalis,O.similis has a longer nymph duration and shorter adult lifespan,and the survival rate of each developmental period was lower than that of F.occidentalis,especially the survival rate of female adults was obviously lower than that of F.occidentalis.The probability of O.similis successfully developing from egg to female adult and male adult was 32.67%and 20.67%,respectively,which was lower than that of F.occidentalis’s 46.67%and 16.67%.F.occidentalis has a higher proportion of females within its population.The reproductive parameters(fx)of O.similis and F.occidentalis peaked at 22 d and 16 d during the whole developmental stages,respectively.O.similis has an average egg production of 42.00 eggs per female,which was significantly lower than that of the F.occidentalis(59.86 eggs).The population net reproduction rate(R_(0)),gross reproduction rate(GRR),intrinsic rate of increase(r)and finite rate of increase(λ)in O.similis were lower than those of F.occidentalis,while the mean generation time(T)and population doubling time(DT)in O.similis were longer than those of F.occidentalis.The population prediction results showed that the individuals of F.occidentalis reached 9.66 times than that of O.similis after 90 days of population growth and development,and the number of female adults reached 17.15 times.The predation rate of O.similis on the 2nd instar nymphs of F.occidentalis gradually increases with age,and the population characteristic net predation rate(C0)of F.occidentalis was 140.81,and the transformation rate(Qp)was 9.05.The average predation of female and male adult O.similis to F.occidentalis 2 nd instar nymphs was 159.67 and 86.00 individuals,respectively.【Conclusion】O.similis population can finish its life history and has stable population growth when fed by F.occidentalis.F.occidentalis has a stronger population growth potential than that of O.similis under the same conditions.As an important natural enemy of F.occidentalis biological control,O.similis should be released 10-20 d before F.occidentalis outbreak and continuous released during F.occidentalis outbreak,this can achieve better control effects to F.occidentalis.
作者
胡昌雄
范苇
张倩
陈国华
殷红慧
徐天养
杨进波
杨航
吴道慧
张晓明
HU ChangXiong;FAN Wei;ZHANG Qian;CHEN GuoHua;YIN HongHui;XU TianYang;YANG JinBo;YANG Hang;WU DaoHui;ZHANG XiaoMing(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Yunnan Biological Resources Protection and Utilization,Kunming 650201;Wenshan Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Wenshan 663000,Yunnan;Yunnan Gerui Biological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Midu 675602,Yunnan)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第13期2769-2780,共12页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
云南省基础研究专项面上项目(202001AT070134)
云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目(202105AC160071)
“云南省高层次人才培养支持计划”青年拔尖人才项目(云人社通[2020]150-09号)
中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划(2018530000241015)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金(2019Y0089)。
关键词
南方小花蝽
西花蓟马
两性生命表
捕食率
生物防治
Orius similis
Frankliniella occidentalis
two-sex life table
predation rate
biological control
