摘要
苹果作为劳动密集型产品,对我国经济发展和农民增收做出了重要贡献。随着农村劳动力的逐渐转移,苹果的生产效率受到了一定程度的影响。文章基于陕西省调研数据,以劳动力转移为核心变量,种植条件、地区等为控制变量,运用DEA-Tobit模型分析了农村劳动力转移对苹果生产效率的影响。研究结果表明:(1)苹果的平均生产效率为0.502,呈现出较低水平,主要原因在于技术效率的低下,表明苹果生产技术有待提升;(2)劳动力转移对苹果生产效率产生了负向影响,且通过1%的显著性检验,主要原因在于农村劳动力转移降低了农业生产中的劳动力投入;(3)资本投入、机械化条件、灌溉条件及上一年苹果销售价格分别在5%、1%、10%和1%的显著性水平上对苹果生产效率产生负向影响,受教育程度、苹果收入占比、最大地块距家的距离、市场了解情况和地区变量分别在10%、1%、5%、1%和1%的显著性水平上对苹果生产效率有正向影响。鉴于此,政府应重视技术培训,提供苹果生产的专项技术指导,提升农民生产苹果的技术水平;鼓励外出农民工和青壮年劳动力回乡,推动职业化苹果种植的发展;优化苹果生产地理环境、市场环境和政治环境,促进苹果生产效率的进一步提升。
As a labor-intensive products, apples have made important contributions to China’s economic development and farmers’ income. With the gradual transfer of rural labor, apple production efficiency has been affected to some extent. Based on research data in Shaanxi Province, this paper analyzed the impact of rural labor transfer on apple production efficiency using DEA-Tobit model with labor transfer as the core variable and planting conditions and regions as control variables. The results showed that:(1)The average production efficiency of apples was 0.502, showing a low level, mainly due to the low technical efficiency, indicating that apple production technology needs to be improved.(2)Labor transfer had a negative effect on apple production efficiency and passed the 1% significance test, mainly because the transfer of farmers reduced the labor input in agricultural production.(3)Capital input, mechanization conditions, water conservancy conditions and previous year’s apple sales price negatively affected apple production efficiency at 5%, 1%, 10% and 1% significance levels respectively. Education level, apple income share, distance of the largest plot from home, market knowledge and regional variables positively affected apple production efficiency at 10%, 1%, 5%, 1% and 1% significance levels respectively. In view of this, the government should pay attention to technical training and provide special technical guidance for the apple industry to enhance the technical content of farmers’ apple production, encourage migrant workers and young and strong laborers to return to their hometowns to promote the development of vocational apple farming, and optimize the geographical, market and political environments for apple production to promote further improvement of apple production efficiency.
作者
徐苗苗
黄智君
阎晓博
冀昊
李敏
XU Miaomiao;HUANG Zhijun;YAN Xiaobo;JI Hao;LI Min(College of Economics and Management,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100;College of Management Cadres,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 102600)
出处
《林业经济》
北大核心
2021年第4期70-82,共13页
Forestry Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“返乡动机、人力资本与返乡农民工农业生产行为研究”(编号:71703124)
西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费资助项目“西北贫困地区经济林经营效率评价研究”(编号:2018RWSK04)。
