摘要
对山西省旱作玉米16个县(区)40个种植大户和8个合作社107分散农户进行157次农户玉米生产现状及用药情况进行调研。结果表明,山西旱作玉米主要病害11种,主要害虫13种,杂草30种。玉米整个生育期化学农药投入制剂量为7.5~22.5 kg/hm^(2),年平均用药次数2.5次。玉米覆膜栽培田用药量显著低于不覆膜田,种植大户/合作社用药量大于分散农户。主栽玉米品种感大斑病是杀菌剂用量增加的原因之一。提出推广应用抗病品种、应用黑色地膜除草、做好偶然害虫发生规律与测报,实施在防治指标指导下的适时科学防控。
An questionnaires survey has been carried out to understand the status of maize production and pesticide usage at dryland maize in Shanxi province.We received 157 response from more than 40 bigger holders and 8 cooperatives who located in 16 counties.The results showed that there are significant 11 disease,13 inset pest and 31 weed species in the dryland maize in this region.Annual average of chemical pesticide usage was 2.5 times.Total amount of pesticide formulation used was 7.5-22.5 kg/ha.The average of chemical pesticide used was relatively low in plastic film-mulching cultivation than traditional cultivation.We also found that the cooperative farmland manager used more pesticide than individual smallholder farmer.We discussed the relation between fungicide usage and maize variety susceptibility to northern leaf blight disease,the relation between herbicide usage and technology of plastic film-mulching technology,as well as relation between larvicide usage and main insect pests,especially migrated,invasively,occasionally outbreak species.We suggest that the reduction in pesticide usage for maize pest control can be achieved by planting resistant variety to northern leaf blight disease instead of susceptible one,adopting cultivation technology with black plastic film-mulching for weed control,larvicide spray only when damage causing loss over economic threshold,etc.
作者
陆俊姣
任美凤
李大琪
赵金良
杨静
董晋明
LU Jun-jiao;REN Mei-feng;LI Da-qi;ZHAO Jin-liang;YANG Jing;DONG Jin-ming(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture,Taiyuan 030031;Shandong Stanley Compound Fertilizer Engineering Technology Research Center Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276700,China)
出处
《玉米科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期82-87,共6页
Journal of Maize Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201807)。
关键词
玉米
病虫草害
农药使用现状
化学农药减施
Maize
Disease,insect and weed
Current statu of pesticide
Pesticide reduction
