摘要
知识产权惩罚性赔偿的司法实践与立法目的之间尚有差距,存在法定赔偿替代惩罚性赔偿之现象。尽管知识产权惩罚性赔偿司法解释进一步规范化,但因内容的抽象等原因,致使确定惩罚赔偿基数时过度依赖自由裁量以及惩罚赔偿的倍数主观化等问题。鉴于比例原则可私法化与必要性,将此原则引入知识产权惩罚性赔偿,可解决法院依据较为抽象的法规确定惩罚性赔偿金的适度性与主观性问题。其作用表现为将原本主观化的利益权衡内容具象化,以及过程合理化与可视化。就三个子原则而言,适当性原则作为衡量惩罚性赔偿适用适当与否的子原则,要求法院以确定的惩罚性赔偿基数与侵权人主观之故意为条件;必要性原则与“情节严重”要件密切相关,该原则要求适用惩罚性赔偿时以侵权情节所反映的结果为前置条件,在保护权利人的同时维护社会公共利益;均衡性原则又将落脚点放至侵权人,要求在维护权利人、社会公众利益与侵权人利益之间权衡,避免过度戕害侵权人利益。
There is still a gap between the judicial practice and the legislative purpose of punitive damages on intellectual property(IP) infringements,and the phenomenon that replace statutory damages to punitive damages.Although the judicial interpretation on punitive damages on IP cases provides more detailed rules,the problems on discretionary decision when determining the base and times of punitive damages remain due to the abstract contents of these rules,among others.When considering the need for the principle of proportionality and its application in the field of private law,the introduction of this principle into the punitive damages for IP infringements can solve the above-mentioned problems.Its function is to make the subjective rules on interest-balancing being concrete,and the process of decision-making being rationalization and visualization.There are three sub-principles under the principle of proportionality.The suitability principle is to measure the suitability of punitive damages,requires the court to determine the punitive damages base and the subjective intention of the infringer as the condition.The principle of necessity is closely related to the requirement of serious circumstances",which requires that the result reflected by the circumstances of infringement should be taken as the precondition for applying the punitive damages,so as to safeguard both the social public interests and those of the patentee.The principle of balance aims at the infringer and requires the balance between safeguarding the interests of the right holder,the public and the infringer,so as to avoid excessive harm to the infringer’s interests.
出处
《知识产权》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第7期24-38,共15页
Intellectual Property
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目:新媒体时代网络直播的著作权问题研究(18CFX069)
司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目:创新引领下知识产权惩罚性赔偿的体系化研究(19SFB3034)的阶段性成果之一。
关键词
《民法典》
比例原则
惩罚性赔偿
法定赔偿
赔偿基数
故意
Civil Code
principle of proportionality
punitive damages
statutory damages
the base of compensation
willfulness
