摘要
锂金属具有低的氧化还原电位(-3.04 V vs标准氢电极)和高比容量(3860 mAh/g),是理想的锂二次电池负极材料。由金属锂负极/固态电解质/嵌锂正极组装的固态锂电池,有望成为未来航空航天、机器人、高端电子和电动汽车等相关技术产业的动力源。然而,在充放电过程中,由于锂的不均匀沉积-溶解造成锂与电解质接触面产生大量树枝状枝晶,并沿着电解质方向不断生长,最终造成电池内部短路而失效。使用较高杨氏模量的固态电解质,可以很大程度上阻挡锂枝晶的生长,但仍不能满足电池长循环和安全性的要求。此外,金属锂与固态电解质表面是固固接触,造成了界面电阻大以及金属锂与固态电解质的界面反应等问题,这严重阻碍了固态锂金属电池的发展与使用。本文综述了近年来基于固态电解质的金属锂电池抑制锂枝晶生长和提高固固界面相容性的相关策略,并对金属锂/固态电解质界面设计的发展趋势进行展望。
Lithium metal has a low redox potential(-3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode)and high specific capacity(3860 mAh/g),making it an ideal anode material for lithium secondary batteries.The solid-state lithium battery assembled by metal lithium negative electrode/solid electrolyte/lithium-inserted positive electrode is expected to become the power source of related technology industries such as aerospace,robotics,high-end electronics and electric vehicles in the future.However,during the charging and discharging process,due to the uneven deposition and dissolution of lithium,a large number of dendrites are produced on the contact surface between lithium and the electrolyte,and they continue to grow along the direction of the electrolyte,eventually causing the internal short circuit and failure of the battery.The use of a solid electrolyte with a higher Young’s modulus can block the growth of lithium dendrites to a large extent,but still cannot meet the requirements of battery long-term cycling and safety.In addition,metal lithium is in solid-solid contact with the solid electrolyte surface,causing problems such as high electrical resistance across the interface and interfacial reaction between metal lithium and solid electrolyte,which severely hinders the development and use of solid lithium metal batteries.The strategies for inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites and improving the compatibility of solid-solid interface in metal lithium batteries based on solid electrolytes in recent years were reviewed in this article,and prospects for future development on the interface engineering of Li metal and solid-state electrolytes were prospected.
作者
杨杰
王凯
徐亚楠
王克俭
马衍伟
YANG Jie;WANG Kai;XU Ya-nan;WANG Ke-jian;MA Yan-wei(Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《材料工程》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第8期26-42,共17页
Journal of Materials Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(51822706,51777200)
北京市杰出青年科学基金(JQ19012)
中国科学院大连洁净能源研究院合作基金(DNL201912)。
关键词
锂金属电池
锂枝晶
固态电解质
界面设计
复合电解质
lithium metal battery
lithium dendrite
solid electrolyte
interface engineering
composite electrolyte
