摘要
我国现行有效的非铀矿山放射防护专项标准包括GBZ 139—2019《稀土生产场所放射防护要求》、GBZ/T 233—2010《锡矿山工作场所放射卫生防护标准》和GBZ/T 256—2014《非铀矿山开采中氡的放射防护要求》,适用范围包括除煤矿外的所有非铀矿山类型,内容基本涵盖实践职业照射防护原则相关的责任、工作场所防护要求、职业照射剂量控制、防护设施与防护用品、职业照射监测与评价、职业健康监护和人员培训等方面,但在工作场所分级、个人剂量监测和职业健康监护等要求方面存在差异。根据我国基本安全标准GB 18871—2002《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》和国际相关标准关于职业照射防护的要求,尚需完善有关工作场所分级管理、矿工职业健康管理和放射防护培训等内容,以期更好地为我国非铀矿山矿工职业性放射性疾病防治相关标准的制修订提供建议和参考。
In China,the current effective special standards on radiological protection for non-uranium mines include GBZ 139-2019 Radiological Protection Requirements for the Production Places of Rare Earths,GBZ/T 233-2010 Radiological Protection Standards for the Workplaces of Tin Mine,and GBZ/T 256-2014 Radiological Protection Requirements for Radon Exposure in the Non-Uranium Mining.The above-mentioned special standards are applicable to all types of non-uranium mines except coal mines,and basically cover all aspects related to the practice of occupational exposure protection principles,such as responsibilities,workplace protection requirements,occupational exposure dose control,protective facilities and equipment,occupational exposure monitoring and evaluation,occupational health surveillance,and personnel training et al.However,there are differences in aspects such as workplace classification,individual dose monitoring and occupational health surveillance.According to the requirements of Chinese basic safety standard GB 18871-2002 Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources and international standards on occupational exposure protection,the hierarchical management in the workplace,occupational health management and radiological protection training of miners should be further improved,to provide suggestions and references for the formulation and revision of relevant standards for the prevention and control of occupational radiological diseases of non-uranium mine employees in China.
作者
鞠金欣
薛茹
陈尔东
JU Jin-xin;XUE Ru;CHEN Er-dong(National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第2期194-199,共6页
China Occupational Medicine
关键词
非铀矿山
放射防护
标准
现状分析
Non-uranium mine
Radiological protection
Standard
Status analysis
