摘要
【目的】为西安市灞桥区樱桃根癌病的有效防治提供技术支撑,提高果农收益。【方法】对当地樱桃根癌病田间发生情况进行调查、病原菌组织分离、病原菌生理生化鉴定、分子生物学鉴定和致病性测定;通过皿内抑菌试验筛选出针对根癌病的靶标药剂并进行大田药效试验。【结果】樱桃根癌病在灞桥区狄寨村发生严重,而且随着樱桃树种植年限增加,发病率呈上升趋势,老树发病率达100%;从发病植株病枝、病根和根际土壤样品中共分离获得15个菌株,从根际土壤分离的根癌农杆菌DZ08为该地区根癌病的主要病原菌,生理生化反应鉴定为生物Ⅰ型。皿内抑菌试验筛选出对病原菌有抑制效果的5种药剂(80%乙蒜素、0.3%四霉素、72%农用链霉素、多菌灵:百菌清=1:5及46%可杀得叁千)中,0.3%四霉素、80%乙蒜素和72%农用链霉素的抑菌效果较好,EC_(50)分别为3.03 mg/L、538.27 mg/L和1435.82mg/L;5种药剂大田涂抹病斑均有一定的治疗效果,其中以乙蒜素、四霉素与植物调节剂喜嘉旺人工树皮和极能植皮专家组合的效果较好,病斑平均愈合率分别为83.56%和77.2%。【结论】灞桥区樱桃根癌的主要病原菌为农杆菌DZ08,3 a以上树龄的樱桃园应加强樱桃根癌病的防治,以乙蒜素、四霉素对樱桃根癌病的防治效果明显,结合刮除病斑、药剂涂抹,辅之以喜嘉旺人工树皮调节剂涂抹伤口的治愈率较佳。
【Objective】The effective technology of controlling cherry crown gall is proposed to improve profits of fruit farmers.【Method】The occurrence status of cherry crown gall in field is investigated.The pathogenic tissue is isolated,and pathogenic physiological and biochemical,molecular biology and pathogenicity are identified respectively.The field experiment of the target fungicides selected from the dish bacteriostatic test against crown gall is carried out to their inhibition effect.【Result】The incidence of cherry crown gall is on the rise with increase of planting years and the incidence of the old cherry trees is up to 100%in Dizhai Village.15 strains are isolated from disease branches,disease roots and rhizosphere soil samples.Agrobacterium tumefaciens DZ08 strain isolated from the rhizosphere soil is the major pathogen of crown gall and is identified as biotypeⅠby physiological and biochemical reaction.Five fungicides with the inhibition effect on pathogen of crown gall are 80%Ethylicin,0.3%Tetramycin,72%Agricultural streptomycin,Carbendazim:Chlorothalonil=1:5 and 46%Keshadesanqian.The EC50 of 0.3%Tetramycin,80%Ethylicin and 72%Agricultural streptomycin is 3.03 mg/L,538.27 mg/L and 1435.82 mg/L respectively.Five fungicides all have the control effect on diseased spots to a certain extent.The average cure rate of Ethylicin+plant regulator and Tetramycin+plant regulator against disease spots is 83.56%and 77.2%separately.【Conclusion】The major pathogen of cherry crown gall is A.tumefaciens DZ08 strain.The control of crown gall in the cherry garden with 3-years old trees should be strengthened.Ethylicin and Tetramycin both have the good control effect on cherry crown gall.The better cure rate of cherry crown gall can be reached by means of smearing ethylicin or tetramycin+plant regulator(Xijiawang artificial bark)on the wounds after scraping off diseased spots.
作者
田小曼
李朝红
TIAN Xiaoman;LI Zhaohong(Yangling Vocational and Technical College,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723002,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2021年第6期56-62,共7页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(18JK0886)
杨凌职业技术学院自然科学研究基金项目(A2017029)。
关键词
樱桃根癌病
生物型鉴定
药剂防治
灞桥区
西安
crown gall
biotype identification
chemical control
Baqiao District
Xi’an
